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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 474938-30-2 C12H14N2O2
    1-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-[piperazine-1,4-diylbis(propane-3,1-diylimino)]bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one) 1415582-36-3 C30H34N6O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-[piperazine-1,4-diylbis(propane-3,1-diylimino)]bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one)
    —— (+)-arenarol 87764-13-4 C21H30O2
    (+)-arenarol
    —— 2-Chlor-α-methylmercapto-p-cresol 54373-39-6 C8H9ClOS
    2-Chlor-α-methylmercapto-p-cresol
    —— 4-((methylthio)methyl)phenol 33837-95-5 C8H10OS
    4-((methylthio)methyl)phenol
    —— 1-O-tert-butyl 4-O-ethyl 5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1,4-dicarboxylate 647006-84-6 C20H27NO5
    1-O-tert-butyl 4-O-ethyl 5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1,4-dicarboxylate
    —— 4-[Chloro(difluoro)methoxy]phenol 85578-54-7 C7H5ClF2O2
    4-[Chloro(difluoro)methoxy]phenol
    —— Methyl 3-(2-fluoroethoxyimino)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate 888707-78-6 C13H16FNO4
    Methyl 3-(2-fluoroethoxyimino)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate
    —— Methyl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate 888707-79-7 C15H19NO4
    Methyl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(ethoxyimino)-butyric acid methyl ester 888707-82-2 C13H17NO4
    4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(ethoxyimino)-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— 2-[(2-Thiazolyl)amino]ethyl-3,6-trichlorohydroquinone 765481-73-0 C11H9Cl3N2O2S
    2-[(2-Thiazolyl)amino]ethyl-3,6-trichlorohydroquinone
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-one 91462-45-2 C17H15NO2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-one
    —— 2-[(2-Pyrimidyl)amino]ethyl-3,6-trichlorohydroquinone 765481-65-0 C12H10Cl3N3O2
    2-[(2-Pyrimidyl)amino]ethyl-3,6-trichlorohydroquinone
    —— 2-amino-4-nitro-resorcinol 871894-52-9 C6H6N2O4
    2-amino-4-nitro-resorcinol
    —— 3-bromo-2,4-dinitro-phenol 116632-21-4 C6H3BrN2O5
    3-bromo-2,4-dinitro-phenol
    —— 3-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenol 361-47-7 C6H3FN2O5
    3-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— S-Methyl 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)thioethanoate 144499-30-9 C9H10O2S
    S-Methyl 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)thioethanoate
    —— butyl-hydroxy-anisole 169212-88-8 C11H16O2
    butyl-hydroxy-anisole
    —— N'-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 59834-04-7 C11H14N2O3
    N'-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (-)-7-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hept-6-ynoic acid methyl ester 333385-17-4 C16H20O4
    (-)-7-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hept-6-ynoic acid methyl ester
    —— 5,12,20,27,35,42-hexa-tert-butyl-8,15,23,30,38,45-hexahydroxy<2.1.2.1.2.1>metacyclophane 153280-21-8 C69H90O6
    5,12,20,27,35,42-hexa-tert-butyl-8,15,23,30,38,45-hexahydroxy<2.1.2.1.2.1>metacyclophane
    —— 5,12,20,27,35,42,50,57-octa-tert-butyl-8,15,23,30,38,45,53,60-octahydroxy<2.1.2.1.2.1.2.1>metacyclophane 153280-19-4 C92H120O8
    5,12,20,27,35,42,50,57-octa-tert-butyl-8,15,23,30,38,45,53,60-octahydroxy<2.1.2.1.2.1.2.1>metacyclophane
    —— 3,5-dibromosalicylideneaniline 16434-79-0 C13H9Br2NO
    3,5-dibromosalicylideneaniline
    —— 2-allyl-4-methyl-6-methoxyphenol 77879-82-4 C11H14O2
    2-allyl-4-methyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-chlorophenol 847943-71-9 C13H21ClO2Si
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide 1428451-04-0 C16H18N2O3S
    N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— 5-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2lambda~6~-benzoxathiine-2,2-dione 89177-04-8 C8H8O4S
    5-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2lambda~6~-benzoxathiine-2,2-dione
    —— N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide 1428451-03-9 C17H20N2O4S
    N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)butyramide 1428450-96-7 C13H14N2O3S
    N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)butyramide
    —— N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)pivalamide 1428450-94-5 C14H16N2O3S
    N-(4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)pivalamide
    —— 5-diethylamino-2-methyl-phenol 59443-97-9 C11H17NO
    5-diethylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylbenzyl methyl ether 109685-13-4 C10H14O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylbenzyl methyl ether
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(methylthio)-benzyl methyl ether 115319-75-0 C10H14O3S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(methylthio)-benzyl methyl ether
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)benzylimidazole 41833-19-6 C11H12N2O2
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)benzylimidazole
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl-1-hexyl ether 81995-42-8 C14H22O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl-1-hexyl ether
    —— 4-Acetylmercaptomethyl-guajacol 26513-99-5 C10H12O3S
    4-Acetylmercaptomethyl-guajacol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl-phenyl-sulfon 59770-86-4 C14H14O4S
    (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl-phenyl-sulfon
    —— 2-deuterio-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol 109685-07-6 C8H10O3
    2-deuterio-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
    —— <4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylmercapto>-essigsaeure 91062-05-4 C10H12O4S
    <4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylmercapto>-essigsaeure
    —— 3,4-Dihydro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyridinone 89733-54-0 C13H15NO2
    3,4-Dihydro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyridinone
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylbenzyl alcohol 109685-08-7 C9H12O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylbenzyl alcohol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)benzyl alcohol 109685-09-8 C13H18O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)benzyl alcohol
    —— 4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 887683-52-5 C14H13N3O2
    4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-7-hydroxymethyl-4-isopropyl-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one 142245-63-4 C21H26O5
    2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-7-hydroxymethyl-4-isopropyl-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one
    —— vanillyl propyl ether 81995-38-2 C11H16O3
    vanillyl propyl ether
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl octadec-9-enoate 308803-96-5 C26H42O4
    (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl octadec-9-enoate
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]phenol 1224199-09-0 C13H14O3
    2-Methoxy-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl erucate 1261588-25-3 C30H50O4
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl erucate
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl behenate 1261588-24-2 C30H52O4
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl behenate
    —— divanillyl disulfide 7484-07-3 C16H18O4S2
    divanillyl disulfide