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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(6-bromohexyl)phenol 64431-79-4 C12H17BrO
    4-(6-bromohexyl)phenol
    —— Methyl 3-cyano-3-hydroxy-4-[6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexylsulfanyl]butanoate 1027584-55-9 C18H25NO4S
    Methyl 3-cyano-3-hydroxy-4-[6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexylsulfanyl]butanoate
    —— 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine-3-oxide-1-oxyl 898562-23-7 C14H19N2O4
    2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine-3-oxide-1-oxyl
    —— 2-Nitro-1,3,4-trihydroxy-benzol 89684-59-3 C6H5NO5
    2-Nitro-1,3,4-trihydroxy-benzol
    —— N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-2'-hydroxyacetophenonimine 651304-77-7 C13H19NO2
    N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-2'-hydroxyacetophenonimine
    —— 2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonamide 88345-23-7 C6H5ClN2O5S
    2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonamide
    —— 4-chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)aniline 58285-74-8 C14H12ClNO2
    4-chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)aniline
    —— 2-(5-Hydroxypentyliminomethyl)phenol 203641-69-4 C12H17NO2
    2-(5-Hydroxypentyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester 89666-35-3 C14H18O6
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one) 1415582-39-6 C27H28N4O6S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one)
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one) 1415582-28-3 C27H28N4O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one)
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one) 1415582-37-4 C27H24Br4N4O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(heptane-1,7-diyldiimino)bis(5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one)
    —— 2-((E)-(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 1147866-76-9 C13H9ClN2O3
    2-((E)-(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— Dodecyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether 148081-80-5 C21H36O2
    Dodecyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— 4-(3-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxypropyl)phenol 158658-96-9 C14H20O3
    4-(3-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxypropyl)phenol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexan-2-one 936253-53-1 C13H18O3
    6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexan-2-one
    —— Butyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether 148081-69-0 C13H20O2
    Butyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— Octyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether 148081-75-8 C17H28O2
    Octyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— bis(N,N'-di(salicylidene)-2-hydroxyphenylmethanediaminato)zirconium(IV) 420087-05-4 C42H32N4O6Zr
    bis(N,N'-di(salicylidene)-2-hydroxyphenylmethanediaminato)zirconium(IV)
    —— 2-methoxy-5-<<(4-methylphenyl)thio>methyl>phenol 167159-68-4 C15H16O2S
    2-methoxy-5-<<(4-methylphenyl)thio>methyl>phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-6-nitrobenzene-1,2,3-triol 89084-77-5 C6H4BrNO5
    4-Bromo-6-nitrobenzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylthioacetic acid 865783-97-7 C10H12O4S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylthioacetic acid
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butanol 3579-91-7 C11H16O3
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butanol
    —— 3-(octyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol 960510-00-3 C14H22O3
    3-(octyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1-(o-hydroksy)tiobenzoilopiperydyna 2032-48-6 C12H15NOS
    1-(o-hydroksy)tiobenzoilopiperydyna
    —— 2-<1-(5-hexenylthio)-5-hexenyl>phenol 130444-84-7 C18H26OS
    2-<1-(5-hexenylthio)-5-hexenyl>phenol
    —— 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, 5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((4-ethyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl)- 81963-88-4 C16H19Br2N3O2S
    1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, 5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((4-ethyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl)-
    —— 5-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione 81963-89-5 C13H13Br2N3O3S
    5-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione
    —— 1-N',3-N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzenecarbothioyl)-1-N',3-N'-dimethylpropanedihydrazide 1451837-14-1 C19H20N4O4S2
    1-N',3-N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzenecarbothioyl)-1-N',3-N'-dimethylpropanedihydrazide
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonamide 82020-57-3 C6H6N2O5S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 42247-91-6 C8H10N2O5S
    4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— 4-(1-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1178546-27-4 C19H26O6
    4-(1-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-<1-methyl-allyl>-phenol 4278-98-2 C12H16O
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-<1-methyl-allyl>-phenol
    —— 2-chloro-4-(1-pyrazolyl)methylphenol 173528-86-4 C10H9ClN2O
    2-chloro-4-(1-pyrazolyl)methylphenol
    —— (2S)-[N,N'-bis(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)]-1,2-diaminopropane 41013-25-6 C17H18N2O2
    (2S)-[N,N'-bis(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)]-1,2-diaminopropane
    —— ethyl 2-(4-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enyl)acetate 1166829-95-3 C16H19ClO3
    ethyl 2-(4-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enyl)acetate
    —— ethyl [4-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate 1166829-68-0 C16H19FO3
    ethyl [4-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one oxime 103582-37-2 C11H15NO2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one oxime
    —— 5-(4-(((4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2-yl)thio)methyl)-5-propylthiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1450603-97-0 C18H21N5O2S2
    5-(4-(((4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2-yl)thio)methyl)-5-propylthiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— <2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylperhydropyran-3-yl>isopropylamine 142683-84-9 C15H23NO2
    <2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylperhydropyran-3-yl>isopropylamine
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 74516-54-4 C9H10O3
    2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 199992-39-7 C9H8O5
    (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd-phenylimin 75638-30-1 C14H13NO2
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd-phenylimin
    —— 2-(2,2,2,-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylphenol 72422-55-0 C9H9Cl3O2
    2-(2,2,2,-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-Hydroxymandelic acid, (+)- 17514-00-0 C8H8O4
    3-Hydroxymandelic acid, (+)-
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol hydrochloride 94427-31-3 C12H15NO2*ClH
    2-Methoxy-4-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— ethyl 2-(4-chloro-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)acetate 1265359-50-9 C11H12BClO5
    ethyl 2-(4-chloro-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)acetate
    —— 2-Amino-6-ethyl-4-methylphenol 746559-26-2 C9H13NO
    2-Amino-6-ethyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol 343854-91-1 C9H11NO3
    2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— (4-azidomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 1265360-19-7 C12H14BN3O5
    (4-azidomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester