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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯丙烷和聚酮 黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物 定义与结构特征

    黄酮类化合物是一大类天然存在的有机化合物，属于酚类衍生物。它们的分子结构通常包含两个苯环（A和B环）和一个三碳环（C环），形成一个基本骨架。该骨架由多个亚结构组成，包括黄烷醇、黄酮、黄酮醇等。

    生物来源

    黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物界中，常见于许多蔬菜、水果及中药中。例如，在大豆、柑橘、茶叶和甘草中都可以找到它们的身影。

    化学性质 亲水性与溶解度

    由于其分子结构中含有多个酚羟基，因此具有一定的亲水性和良好的溶解性，这使得黄酮类化合物在药物设计中扮演重要角色。

    稳定性与光敏性

    大多数黄酮类化合物相对稳定，在适宜条件下不易发生降解。但某些类型的黄酮对光照比较敏感，容易被氧化，导致颜色变化。

    生理活性与药用价值

    黄酮类化合物因其丰富的生理活性而备受关注，主要包括：

    • 抗氧化作用：可有效清除体内自由基，保护细胞免受损伤。
    • 抗炎效应：有助于减轻炎症反应，缓解症状。
    • 心血管保护：可能通过多种机制改善心脑血管健康。
    • 抗癌潜力：研究表明某些黄酮类物质具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
    应用领域 食品工业

    作为一种天然色素和抗氧化剂，被广泛应用于食品加工中以提高其保质期及营养价值。

    化妆品行业

    利用其良好的生物相容性和抗衰老特性，在化妆品配方中应用广泛。

    药物开发

    由于黄酮类化合物展现出广泛的药理活性，已成为新药研发的重要候选目标之一。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— delphinidin 3-O-glucoside-5-O-glucoside 17670-06-3 C27H31O17
    delphinidin 3-O-glucoside-5-O-glucoside
    —— confusoside 21562-22-1 C21H24O9
    confusoside
    —— 3,5-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of malvidin 47863-30-9 C29H35O17
    3,5-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of malvidin
    —— pelargonidin 3,5-β-D-glucoside 58751-31-8 C27H31O15
    pelargonidin 3,5-β-D-glucoside
    —— quercetin-3-O-D-glucoside-7-O-D-glucoside 6892-74-6 C27H30O17
    quercetin-3-O-D-glucoside-7-O-D-glucoside
    —— 3,5-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of cyanidin 20905-74-2 C27H31O16
    3,5-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of cyanidin
    —— quercetin-7-O-glucopyranoside 491-50-9 C21H20O12
    quercetin-7-O-glucopyranoside
    —— (+)-1''-methylene-6''-hydroxy-2H-furan-5''-one-6-catechin 1189515-22-7 C20H18O9
    (+)-1''-methylene-6''-hydroxy-2H-furan-5''-one-6-catechin
    —— kaempferol 7-O-glucoside 16290-07-6 C21H20O11
    kaempferol 7-O-glucoside
    —— quercetin-4′-O-monoglucoside 20229-56-5 C21H20O12
    quercetin-4′-O-monoglucoside
    —— davidioside 23140-78-5 C21H24O9
    davidioside
    —— peonidin 3-O-glucoside 68795-37-9 C22H23O11
    peonidin 3-O-glucoside
    —— pelargoinidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 47684-27-5 C21H21O10
    pelargoinidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-3,4-diacetoxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavan 29799-86-8 C21H22O7
    (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-3,4-diacetoxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavan
    —— kumatakenin B-4'-O-glucoside 22052-75-1 C21H20O9
    kumatakenin B-4'-O-glucoside
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzo[b]oxin-3,5,7-triol 18736-36-2 C16H13O6
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzo[b]oxin-3,5,7-triol
    —— 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone 7-O-glucopyranoside 20633-86-7 C21H20O9
    7,4'-dihydroxyflavone 7-O-glucopyranoside
    —— acacetin 7-glucosidee 70152-48-6 C21H20O8
    acacetin 7-glucosidee
    —— quercetin-3-O-glucoside 482-35-9 C21H20O12
    quercetin-3-O-glucoside
    —— astragalin —— C21H20O11
    astragalin
    —— (2R,3S,4R,7S,8R)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol 127644-47-7 C30H26O10
    (2R,3S,4R,7S,8R)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol
    —— cyanidin-3-O-glucoside —— C21H21O11
    cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
    —— naringenin 4',7-O-β-D-diglucoside 1211464-47-9 C27H32O15
    naringenin 4',7-O-β-D-diglucoside
    —— cyanidin-3-glucoside 7084-24-4 C21H21O11
    cyanidin-3-glucoside
    —— delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 324533-64-4 C27H31O17
    delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— myricetin 3-O-glucoside —— C21H20O13
    myricetin 3-O-glucoside
    —— flavopiridol 3'-O-β-D-glucoside 1421589-92-5 C27H30ClNO10
    flavopiridol 3'-O-β-D-glucoside
    —— isorhamnetin 3-glucoside 5041-82-7 C22H22O12
    isorhamnetin 3-glucoside
    —— 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-5-yl β-D-glucopyranoside 23711-00-4 C21H22O10
    7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-5-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 6-C-glucosylnaringenin —— C21H22O10
    6-C-glucosylnaringenin
    —— tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 32769-00-9 C23H24O12
    tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (2R,3S)-catechin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 65597-47-9 C21H24O11
    (2R,3S)-catechin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (+)-catechin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 105330-52-7 C21H24O11
    (+)-catechin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— phloridizin 60-81-1 C21H24O10
    phloridizin
    —— 7-Glucosyloxy-flavon 71802-05-6 C21H20O8
    7-Glucosyloxy-flavon
    —— 7-Glucosyloxy-flavanon 138166-64-0 C21H22O8
    7-Glucosyloxy-flavanon
    —— apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (2R,3S,4S,7S,8S)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol 127644-45-5 C30H26O10
    (2R,3S,4S,7S,8S)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol
    —— [(2R,3S)-8-[(2R,3S,4R)-3-acetyloxy-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-3-acetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 25711-50-6 C63H68O21
    [(2R,3S)-8-[(2R,3S,4R)-3-acetyloxy-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-3-acetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate
    —— (4α,6)-bis-(+)-epifisetinidol 127644-37-5 C30H26O10
    (4α,6)-bis-(+)-epifisetinidol
    —— 3,8-Dihydroxy-4',5,7-trimethoxyflavone 101467-43-0 C18H16O7
    3,8-Dihydroxy-4',5,7-trimethoxyflavone
    —— (+)-epifisetinidol-(4α,6)-(-)-fisetinidol 127644-35-3 C30H26O10
    (+)-epifisetinidol-(4α,6)-(-)-fisetinidol
    —— quercetin 4′-O-phosphate 1111616-69-3 C15H11O10P
    quercetin 4′-O-phosphate
    —— (2R,3S,4S,7S,8R)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol 105805-44-5 C30H26O10
    (2R,3S,4S,7S,8R)-2,8-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-3,7-diol
    —— 5,7,8,2'-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside 133640-36-5 C21H18O12
    5,7,8,2'-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside
    —— 7-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside 123549-16-6 C23H22O11
    7-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside
    —— 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 5041-74-7 C21H20O10
    7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— 7-hexadecyloxyhesperetin 348150-69-6 C32H46O6
    7-hexadecyloxyhesperetin
    —— hexadecyl 2-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetate 1217342-35-2 C33H44O6
    hexadecyl 2-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetate
    —— 5,6,7-trimethoxy-8-methyl-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one 109688-36-0 C19H18O5
    5,6,7-trimethoxy-8-methyl-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one