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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯丙烷和聚酮 黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物 定义与结构特征

    黄酮类化合物是一大类天然存在的有机化合物，属于酚类衍生物。它们的分子结构通常包含两个苯环（A和B环）和一个三碳环（C环），形成一个基本骨架。该骨架由多个亚结构组成，包括黄烷醇、黄酮、黄酮醇等。

    生物来源

    黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物界中，常见于许多蔬菜、水果及中药中。例如，在大豆、柑橘、茶叶和甘草中都可以找到它们的身影。

    化学性质 亲水性与溶解度

    由于其分子结构中含有多个酚羟基，因此具有一定的亲水性和良好的溶解性，这使得黄酮类化合物在药物设计中扮演重要角色。

    稳定性与光敏性

    大多数黄酮类化合物相对稳定，在适宜条件下不易发生降解。但某些类型的黄酮对光照比较敏感，容易被氧化，导致颜色变化。

    生理活性与药用价值

    黄酮类化合物因其丰富的生理活性而备受关注，主要包括：

    • 抗氧化作用：可有效清除体内自由基，保护细胞免受损伤。
    • 抗炎效应：有助于减轻炎症反应，缓解症状。
    • 心血管保护：可能通过多种机制改善心脑血管健康。
    • 抗癌潜力：研究表明某些黄酮类物质具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
    应用领域 食品工业

    作为一种天然色素和抗氧化剂，被广泛应用于食品加工中以提高其保质期及营养价值。

    化妆品行业

    利用其良好的生物相容性和抗衰老特性，在化妆品配方中应用广泛。

    药物开发

    由于黄酮类化合物展现出广泛的药理活性，已成为新药研发的重要候选目标之一。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R)-4-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate —— C25H23O15-
    (2R)-4-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate
    —— 2'-Hydroxy 3,6,7,4'-tetramethylquercetagetin —— C19H18O9
    2'-Hydroxy 3,6,7,4'-tetramethylquercetagetin
    —— (2R)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-7-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]butanoate —— C25H23O16-
    (2R)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-7-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]butanoate
    —— cyanidin O-O-[6-O-(6-O-4-hydroxycinnamoyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylosyl-beta-D-galactoside] —— C41H43O22-
    cyanidin O-O-[6-O-(6-O-4-hydroxycinnamoyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylosyl-beta-D-galactoside]
    —— isorhamnetin 3-O-(3"-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside —— C31H28O14
    isorhamnetin 3-O-(3"-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
    —— 3,7,3',4'-tetramethylquercetin 2'-O-beta-D-glucoside —— C25H28O13
    3,7,3',4'-tetramethylquercetin 2'-O-beta-D-glucoside
    —— gossypetin 7-O-glucopyranoside —— C21H19O13-
    gossypetin 7-O-glucopyranoside
    —— 2'-Hydroxy 3,7,3',4'-tetramethylquercetin —— C19H18O8
    2'-Hydroxy 3,7,3',4'-tetramethylquercetin
    —— Panasenoide —— C27H29O16-
    Panasenoide
    —— apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside —— C21H20O9
    apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside
    —— Pinobanksin 7-glucoside —— C21H22O10
    Pinobanksin 7-glucoside
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate —— C41H44O22
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxychromen-7-one —— C32H38O20
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxychromen-7-one
    —— myricetin 3-O-gentiobioside —— C27H30O18
    myricetin 3-O-gentiobioside
    —— Carthamidin-7-methyl ether —— C16H14O6
    Carthamidin-7-methyl ether
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxochromen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenolate —— C17H13O6-
    4-(3-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxochromen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenolate
    —— Campanin —— C66H72O37
    Campanin
    —— pelargonidin-3-O-(6"-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) —— C24H21O13-
    pelargonidin-3-O-(6"-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)
    —— Malvidin(1-) —— C17H13O7-
    Malvidin(1-)
    —— Quercetagetin 7-O-glucoside —— C21H19O13-
    Quercetagetin 7-O-glucoside
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate —— C43H48O24
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— 3,3'-Dimethylmyricetin —— C17H13O8-
    3,3'-Dimethylmyricetin
    —— 2-(3-Benzoylphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one —— C22H12O6-2
    2-(3-Benzoylphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one
    —— 3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-7-one —— C27H30O15
    3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-7-one
    —— cyanidin O-O-[6-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylosyl-beta-D-galactoside] —— C43H47O24-
    cyanidin O-O-[6-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylosyl-beta-D-galactoside]
    —— quercetin 3-O-(4"-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside —— C30H26O14
    quercetin 3-O-(4"-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-7-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate —— C46H54O28
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-7-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate
    —— Leschenaultia blue anthocyanin 1 —— C60H63O36-
    Leschenaultia blue anthocyanin 1
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate —— C30H26O13
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-one —— C33H40O21
    7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-one
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one —— C15H12O7
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-7-oxochromen-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenolate —— C17H13O7-
    2-Hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-7-oxochromen-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenolate
    —— 3,6,7,2',4'-pentamethylquercetagetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside —— C26H30O14
    3,6,7,2',4'-pentamethylquercetagetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside
    —— 3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid —— C39H38O21
    3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid
    —— isorhamnetin 3-O-(3",6"-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside —— C40H34O16
    isorhamnetin 3-O-(3",6"-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
    —— cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) —— C40H44O23
    cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside)
    —— 3-oxo-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanoic acid —— C60H64O36
    3-oxo-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanoic acid
    —— malvidin 3-O-rutinoside —— C30H36O15
    malvidin 3-O-rutinoside
    —— delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) —— C42H46O25
    delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside)
    —— delphinidin 3,7-di O-beta-D-glucoside —— C27H30O17
    delphinidin 3,7-di O-beta-D-glucoside
    —— Rhamnosylisoorientin —— C27H29O15-
    Rhamnosylisoorientin
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-4-oxochromen-5-olate —— C15H9O8-
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-4-oxochromen-5-olate
    —— 3',4'-Dimethylmyricetin —— C17H13O8-
    3',4'-Dimethylmyricetin
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate —— C36H36O17
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-5-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— 5,7,8,3',4'-Pentahydroxyflavone —— C15H9O7-
    5,7,8,3',4'-Pentahydroxyflavone
    —— isorhamnetin 3-O-(6"-O-feruloyl)-glucoside —— C32H30O15
    isorhamnetin 3-O-(6"-O-feruloyl)-glucoside
    —— quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside —— C33H40O21
    quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside
    —— 8-(1,1)-Dimethylallyl-kaempferide —— C21H18O6-2
    8-(1,1)-Dimethylallyl-kaempferide
    —— 3,6,7,4'-tetramethylquercetagetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside —— C25H28O13
    3,6,7,4'-tetramethylquercetagetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside
    —— pelargonidin 3-O-(6"-O-malyl-beta-D-glucoside) —— C25H23O14-
    pelargonidin 3-O-(6"-O-malyl-beta-D-glucoside)