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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,2'-Pentamethylenebis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6dimethoxybenzene) 99608-66-9 C21H28O8
    2,2'-Pentamethylenebis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6dimethoxybenzene)
    —— N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid 744143-61-1 C7H7NOS2
    N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid
    —— N-[3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide 1414936-44-9 C11H12F3NO3
    N-[3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
    —— FLA 873 101460-36-0 C16H23BrN2O4
    FLA 873
    —— 5-bromosalicylaldehyde azine 38486-11-2 C14H10Br2N2O2
    5-bromosalicylaldehyde azine
    —— 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde azine 38486-12-3 C14H10Cl2N2O2
    5-chlorosalicylaldehyde azine
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol 103346-70-9 C10H13FO3
    2-(2-fluoro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride 88408-41-7 C8H11Cl2NO2
    4-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(2,4-di(benzyloxy)phenyl)ethanol 132904-81-5 C22H22O3
    2-(2,4-di(benzyloxy)phenyl)ethanol
    —— 3,5-Bis(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 85565-92-0 C21H18O4
    3,5-Bis(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-nonyl resorcinol 18979-67-4 C15H24O2
    4-nonyl resorcinol
    —— 4-n-pentadecylresorcinol 16825-54-0 C21H36O2
    4-n-pentadecylresorcinol
    —— 4-tridecyl-resorcinol 123063-34-3 C19H32O2
    4-tridecyl-resorcinol
    —— 4-undecyl-resorcinol 97304-05-7 C17H28O2
    4-undecyl-resorcinol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 81650-04-6 C11H12N2O7
    3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol 1027888-79-4 C8H7F3O2
    2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenyl)acetonitrile 198327-79-6 C9H7N3O6
    (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-[(1S,2E)-1-hydroxy-3-methylhexa-2,5-dienyl]-4-methoxy-5-[(Z)-2-methyl-7-tri(propan-2-yl)silylhept-2-en-6-ynyl]phenol 403696-86-6 C31H48O3Si
    2-[(1S,2E)-1-hydroxy-3-methylhexa-2,5-dienyl]-4-methoxy-5-[(Z)-2-methyl-7-tri(propan-2-yl)silylhept-2-en-6-ynyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,2-benzenediol 1019496-11-7 C13H22N2O2
    4-[[[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 2-(4,4-dibromo-but-3-enyl)phenol 1360054-30-3 C10H10Br2O
    2-(4,4-dibromo-but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxybenzaldehyde 160820-50-8 C10H12O5
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-morpholino-2-cyclopenten-1-on 103025-58-7 C15H17NO4
    3-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-morpholino-2-cyclopenten-1-on
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-5-methyl isoxazole 331945-52-9 C11H9N3O4
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-5-methyl isoxazole
    —— 3-bromo-6-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde 65162-32-5 C8H7BrO3
    3-bromo-6-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-(3-butyl-3-hydroxyheptyl)phenol 859977-16-5 C17H28O2
    2-(3-butyl-3-hydroxyheptyl)phenol
    —— N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide 608519-02-4 C11H15NO2
    N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide
    —— N-{4-[N-(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-90-4 C16H27N3O2
    N-{4-[N-(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N,N-dibenzyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1360546-39-9 C23H23NO2
    N,N-dibenzyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N-[4-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl)butyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-88-0 C17H27N3O2
    N-[4-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl)butyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— ethyl 3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)propionate 152608-83-8 C12H16O4
    ethyl 3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)propionate
    —— N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide 14290-45-0 C13H19NO2
    N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide
    —— N,N'-bis(6-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine 1240411-66-8 C22H20N2O4
    N,N'-bis(6-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 3-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-β-phenylethyl-propionsaeureamid 78744-83-9 C17H19NO2
    3-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-β-phenylethyl-propionsaeureamid
    —— 4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)imino]methylphenol 326878-69-7 C12H12N2O2
    4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)imino]methylphenol
    —— (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol 1255037-06-9 C9H9NO4
    (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-8-chlorobenzylideneamino)-5-methylisoxazole 88812-64-0 C11H9ClN2O2
    3-(2-hydroxy-8-chlorobenzylideneamino)-5-methylisoxazole
    —— N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-93-7 C13H20N2O2
    N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N-{3-[(4-aminobutyl)amino]propyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-79-9 C16H27N3O2
    N-{3-[(4-aminobutyl)amino]propyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-thiazolidin-4-one 1255933-37-9 C18H16F3NO4S
    2-(2-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-((5-methylisoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol 112633-43-9 C11H10N2O2
    2-((5-methylisoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)imino]methylphenol 88812-68-4 C11H9BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)imino]methylphenol
    —— N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-77-7 C16H27N3O2
    N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 51438-91-6 C13H18O
    5,5-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 3-(but-3-en-1-yl)phenol 52093-70-6 C10H12O
    3-(but-3-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 15-Tetracosenamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-, (Z)- 150988-91-3 C32H55NO3
    15-Tetracosenamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-, (Z)-
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxy-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester 110137-81-0 C10H10O4
    2,5-Dihydroxy-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— N-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 247098-21-1 C19H30N2O4
    N-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzamide 94295-88-2 C16H22N2O6
    N-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzamide
    —— N-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide 94295-90-6 C16H20N2O6
    N-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide
    —— 4-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-isopropyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one 478190-16-8 C15H20N2O3
    4-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-isopropyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one