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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (E)-3-[3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl]prop-2-enoate 1027554-22-8 C19H21NO5
    methyl (E)-3-[3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl]prop-2-enoate
    —— (E)-methyl 3-[3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyloxy]-6-[(2,6-dichlorophenylthio)-methyl]-2-pyridinyl]-2-propenoate 1026429-34-4 C25H23Cl2NO4S
    (E)-methyl 3-[3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyloxy]-6-[(2,6-dichlorophenylthio)-methyl]-2-pyridinyl]-2-propenoate
    —— 4-methoxyphenethyl 2-diazo-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate 1607455-08-2 C15H21N2O6P
    4-methoxyphenethyl 2-diazo-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate
    —— 4-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline 93631-56-2 C15H17NO2
    4-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline
    —— 4-methoxyphenethyl 3-oxobutanoate 1442441-97-5 C13H16O4
    4-methoxyphenethyl 3-oxobutanoate
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxyacetic acid 81228-07-1 C11H14O4
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxyacetic acid
    —— O-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] N-(4-nitrophenyl)carbamothioate 1033617-71-8 C16H16N2O4S
    O-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] N-(4-nitrophenyl)carbamothioate
    —— 4-methoxyphenethyl sulfamate 723287-04-5 C9H13NO4S
    4-methoxyphenethyl sulfamate
    —— 8-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-6-one 1420368-02-0 C17H21N3O3
    8-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-6-one
    —— p-methoxyphenethyl chloroformate 261920-14-3 C10H11ClO3
    p-methoxyphenethyl chloroformate
    —— 1-Methoxy-4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxymethyl]benzene 156147-56-7 C17H20O3
    1-Methoxy-4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxymethyl]benzene
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl hydroperoxide 146404-42-4 C9H12O3
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl hydroperoxide
    —— ethyl bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)phosphinate 99706-40-8 C16H19O4P
    ethyl bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)phosphinate
    —— ethyl bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phosphinate 99706-41-9 C16H19O4P
    ethyl bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phosphinate
    —— [Hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphonic acid 98548-57-3 C7H9O5P
    [Hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphonic acid
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphinic acid 99706-46-4 C14H15O6P
    bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid 99706-44-2 C14H15O4P
    bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid 99706-45-3 C14H15O4P
    bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile 67439-02-5 C15H13N3O
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile
    —— tert-butyl (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-trimethylsilylphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 873869-00-2 C20H33NO5Si
    tert-butyl (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-trimethylsilylphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— (R)-4-(3-Furan-2-yl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 873868-99-6 C21H27NO6
    (R)-4-(3-Furan-2-yl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol 203303-03-1 C9H12O3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol
    —— <2'-Hydroxybenzyl>-ethyl-keton 1901-78-6 C10H12O2
    <2'-Hydroxybenzyl>-ethyl-keton
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[1,2,3-tris(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol 97141-24-7 C16H26O2S3
    2-methoxy-4-[1,2,3-tris(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 2-amino-4-chloro-6-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]phenol 313512-12-8 C13H13ClN2O
    2-amino-4-chloro-6-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 1,8-bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane 29239-84-7 C18H22O6
    1,8-bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane
    —— 2,5-bis(3-allyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 147796-89-2 C20H18N2O3
    2,5-bis(3-allyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-2-cyano-thiophene 94631-62-6 C13H12N2O2S
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-2-cyano-thiophene
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl acetate 2364-57-0 C8H6N2O7
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl acetate
    —— 4-bromo-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol 319473-28-4 C8H9BrO2
    4-bromo-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— (+/-)-(2'E,4'E)-4-chloro-2-<5'-(3",3"-ethylenedioxy-1",2",6"-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3'-methyl-2',4'-pentadienyl>orcinol 91854-86-3 C24H33ClO4
    (+/-)-(2'E,4'E)-4-chloro-2-<5'-(3",3"-ethylenedioxy-1",2",6"-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3'-methyl-2',4'-pentadienyl>orcinol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one 1415662-34-8 C10H12N2O3
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one
    —— o-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid 17045-27-1 C7H9O4P
    o-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid
    —— 2-<β-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-pyridin 56920-35-5 C13H13NO
    2-<β-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-pyridin
    —— 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one 1415662-37-1 C10H12N2O4
    2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one 1415662-35-9 C10H12N2O3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one
    —— 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one 1415662-36-0 C10H12N2O4
    2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-5-one
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-pentanol 201139-81-3 C12H18O2
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-pentanol
    —— 3-(4-Methyl-pentyl)-phenol 10414-74-1 C12H18O
    3-(4-Methyl-pentyl)-phenol
    —— N'-[5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolin-2-yl]cyanoacetichydrazide 1421696-05-0 C13H10N4O3S
    N'-[5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolin-2-yl]cyanoacetichydrazide
    —— 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile 340994-83-4 C14H10N4O2
    2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— sodium (2-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonate 68156-14-9 C7H7O4S*Na
    sodium (2-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonate
    —— 1,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-3-one 47375-84-8 C19H22O5
    1,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-3-one
    —— 2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)phenol 96013-80-8 C13H22O2Si
    2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-2-methoxyphenol 114515-49-0 C13H20O3
    4-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-<2-(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl>imidazole 105329-92-8 C10H10N2O
    2-<2-(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl>imidazole
    —— tert-butyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 82548-54-7 C12H16O3
    tert-butyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-<(p-hydroxyphenyl)methyl>-4-(2-thienyl)imidazole 102151-84-8 C14H12N2OS
    2-<(p-hydroxyphenyl)methyl>-4-(2-thienyl)imidazole
    —— (E)-1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-5-((3-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1201816-86-5 C27H22F2N2O3
    (E)-1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-5-((3-fluorobenzylimino)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one 87811-00-5 C15H14N2O2
    5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one