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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methyl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(4H)-one 1429229-25-3 C15H16N2O2
    (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methyl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(4H)-one
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1357167-66-8 C22H16N2O4
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— 4-(5-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-51-7 C16H13ClN2O3S
    4-(5-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 10496-92-1 C9H12O2
    4,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
    —— 2,3-difluoro-4-n-nonylphenol 127981-78-6 C15H22F2O
    2,3-difluoro-4-n-nonylphenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester 1354910-01-2 C18H21NO4
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester
    —— p-phenylthiacalix[4]arene 182496-75-9 C48H32O4S4
    p-phenylthiacalix[4]arene
    —— methyl N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate 99161-01-0 C10H13NO4
    methyl N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— 4-bromo-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol 58349-02-3 C6H3BrINO3
    4-bromo-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol
    —— 3-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-2-methylphenol 1198117-51-9 C14H15NO
    3-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-bromo-3,4-dimethylphenol 32337-83-0 C8H9BrO
    2-bromo-3,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 3-ethoxy-5-methoxyphenol 855839-17-7 C9H12O3
    3-ethoxy-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-(6-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methano-naphthalene-5,8-dione 639064-76-9 C19H16O5
    6-(6-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methano-naphthalene-5,8-dione
    —— 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 80832-58-2 C8H8O4
    2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— N,N',N''-trimethyl-N,N''-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine 1313375-70-0 C25H39N3O4
    N,N',N''-trimethyl-N,N''-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine
    —— 4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 872274-10-7 C15H14O4
    4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-butoxy-6-methoxysalicylaldehyde 78347-31-6 C12H16O4
    4-butoxy-6-methoxysalicylaldehyde
    —— dihydroxyoxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrazine 1431312-00-3 C20H12N4O6
    dihydroxyoxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrazine
    —— 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-benzenediol 87568-17-0 C8H9ClO2
    4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 5-Methoxy-3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyphenol 960069-08-3 C23H26O3Si
    5-Methoxy-3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyphenol
    —— 4-(2,2-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1360543-86-7 C12H12F6O5S2
    4-(2,2-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(2,4-diamino-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 42310-36-1 C13H16N4O
    4-(2,4-diamino-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-butyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 97678-78-9 C12H18O3
    4-butyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-but-2-enyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 21104-18-7 C12H16O
    4-but-2-enyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 246245-22-7 C10H11F3O2
    4-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselanyl)phenol 65326-01-4 C14H14OSe
    2,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselanyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenol 1337458-56-6 C12H15NO3
    2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethylphenol-3,4,5,α,α,α,α',α',α'-d9 1021325-40-5 C8H10O
    2,6-dimethylphenol-3,4,5,α,α,α,α',α',α'-d9
    —— (E)-2-((1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 132995-08-5 C11H15NO2
    (E)-2-((1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— diethyl (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate 37940-49-1 C13H21O4P
    diethyl (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate
    —— 4-(3-chloropropyl)-3-methoxyphenol 111112-97-1 C10H13ClO2
    4-(3-chloropropyl)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1-Propenyl)-6-methylphenol 124268-23-1 C10H12O
    2-(1-Propenyl)-6-methylphenol
    —— bromo-3 dimethyl-2,6 phenol 74571-82-7 C8H9BrO
    bromo-3 dimethyl-2,6 phenol
    —— 1-<(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methyl>-pyrrolidon-(2) 65271-22-9 C13H17NO2
    1-<(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methyl>-pyrrolidon-(2)
    —— 4-hydroxymethyl-3-methylphenol 22574-58-9 C8H10O2
    4-hydroxymethyl-3-methylphenol
    —— Phenol, 2-[(E)-[[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]imino]methyl]- 69350-14-7 C15H15NO
    Phenol, 2-[(E)-[[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]imino]methyl]-
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl undecanoate 906465-18-7 C19H30O4
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl undecanoate
    —— diethyl (R)-α-methylbenzylamino-(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonate 1537890-06-4 C19H26NO4P
    diethyl (R)-α-methylbenzylamino-(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonate
    —— 2,4-Didehydrophenol 142746-79-0 C6H4O
    2,4-Didehydrophenol
    —— Unii-jkh4JA8S4L 53404-83-4 C18H27Cl3N2O2
    Unii-jkh4JA8S4L
    —— 4-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yloxy)phenol 854935-03-8 C13H17NO2
    4-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yloxy)phenol
    —— (2S)-1-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ol 524741-87-5 C10H13ClO2
    (2S)-1-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ol
    —— 2-n-undecyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 870681-69-9 C19H32O3
    2-n-undecyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-n-heptyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 870681-68-8 C15H24O3
    2-n-heptyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-Isopentyl-3,5-dimethoxy-phenol 68754-17-6 C13H20O3
    2-Isopentyl-3,5-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(2-methylpropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 870681-70-2 C12H18O3
    2-(2-methylpropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-pentylphenol 80986-12-5 C13H20O3
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-pentylphenol
    —— 2-(10-thioxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ5-phosphaphenanthren-10-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 1312947-02-6 C18H13O3PS
    2-(10-thioxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ5-phosphaphenanthren-10-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (E)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol 127035-91-0 C15H15NO
    (E)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol
    —— 2,3-diallyl-5,6-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol 332426-36-5 C14H18O2
    2,3-diallyl-5,6-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol