香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | α-sulfo(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)acetyl chloride | —— | C10H9ClO5S |
| —— | α-ethoxysulfonyl(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)acetic acid | —— | C12H14O6S |
| —— | cis-3,6-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxaldehyde | —— | C17H22O5 |
| —— | N-(1-(7-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)formamide | —— | C17H25NO4 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-one | —— | C18H18O3 |
| —— | 7-(1,1-dimethylpentyl)-9-methylsulfanylmethoxy-2,3,4a,9b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzofuran-4-one | —— | C21H30O3S |
| —— | 7-(1,1-dimethylpentyl)-9-hydroxy-2,3,4a,9b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzofuran-4-one | —— | C19H26O3 |
| —— | 3-(3,3-dichloroallyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C11H10Cl2O |
| —— | 4,6-di-t-butyl-2-methyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C21H34O4Si |
| —— | n-butyl 2,3-dihydro-2-isopropenylbenzofuran-6-carboxylate | —— | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile | —— | C9H6N2O3 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile | —— | C10H9NO2 |
| —— | 5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile | —— | C10H9NO |
| —— | 5-chloro-7-{5-[1-(tetrahydro pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl}-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-ylamine oxalate | —— | (x)C2H2O4*C20H25ClN4O3 |
| —— | 8-(((5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine-5-carbonitrile | —— | C15H11FN6O |
| —— | 5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile | —— | C9H6FNO2 |
| —— | 4-bromo-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | —— | C8H6BrFO2 |
| —— | 3-phenylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one | —— | C18H12O2 |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan | —— | C18H12O3 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-5-benzofuranyl)acetamide | —— | C16H13NO3 |
| —— | 4,6-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | —— | C22H26O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(pyridyl-3'-methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C15H15NO |
| —— | 5-methylsulphamoyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H12ClNO4S |
| —— | N-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]-7,8-dihydrofuro[2,3-g][1,2,4]benzotriazin-3-amine 1-oxide | —— | C16H21N5O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-benzofuranamine | —— | C10H13NO2 |
| —— | N,N,3,3-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxamide | —— | C13H17NO2 |
| —— | N,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxamide | —— | C12H15NO2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-N,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxamide | —— | C13H17NO2 |
| —— | 3-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)oxy)propanenitrile | —— | C13H15NO2 |
| —— | 2-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)oxy)acetohydrazide | —— | C12H16N2O3 |
| —— | 2-(5-hydroxy-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanol | —— | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (cis)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cycloprop-1-yl methyl amine | —— | C12H15NO |
| —— | (R,S)-[2',3'-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-4'-yl]-1,2-oxirane | —— | C10H10O2 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide | —— | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde | —— | C12H12O2 |
| —— | (S)-1-{2',3'-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-4'-yl}-ethane-1,2-diol | 256472-68-1 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | ethyl (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | —— | C14H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 4-(oxiran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C10H10O2 |
| —— | ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine | —— | C12H15NO |
| —— | 2-[2-(2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;5,4-b']difuran-4-yl)vinyl]pyridine | —— | C17H15NO2 |
| —— | 3-(2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;5,4-b']difuran-4-yl)acrylonitrile | —— | C13H11NO2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;5,4-b']difuran-4-ylmethyl)acrylic acid tert-butyl ester | —— | C18H22O4 |
| —— | 4-[([1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]{4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-3-methoxybenzyl}amino)methyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid | —— | C34H42N2O7 |
| —— | 1-{2-[4-({[1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyridin-4-ylmethylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]ethyl}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | —— | C30H33N3O5 |
| —— | 1-{2-[4-({(2-aminoethyl)[1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]ethyl}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | —— | C26H33N3O5 |
| —— | 1-[2-(4-{[[1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl](2-hydroxypropyl)amino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | —— | C27H34N2O6 |
| —— | 4-[([1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]{4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-3-methoxybenzyl}amino)methyl]benzoic acid | —— | C32H34N2O7 |
| —— | 1-{2-[4-({[1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyridin-3-ylmethylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]ethyl}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | —— | C30H33N3O5 |
| —— | 1-[2-(4-{[[1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl](2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | —— | C26H32N2O6 |