香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-amino-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 103082-67-3 | C8H5F4NO |
| —— | 1-[(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-chloro-benzofuran-7-yl)-oxy]-3-[4-((4-chloro-phenyl)-amino)-piperidin-1-yl]-propane | 1089209-42-6 | C24H30Cl2N2O2 |
| —— | methyl 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylate | 39891-56-0 | C10H10O3 |
| —— | N-[[1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | 129792-54-7 | C22H26ClN3O4S |
| —— | 4-methyl-5-((3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl)thiazole | 1191913-85-5 | C14H15NOS |
| —— | 5-(2-Cyclohexyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109209-11-2 | C18H21NO3S |
| —— | 3-Methyl-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrodibenzofuran-1-ol | 1252823-49-6 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (R)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-ol | 21491-60-1 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 5-(2-Cyclohexylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109209-13-4 | C19H23NO3S |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-2-ethoxymethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 103969-52-4 | C11H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 1-(7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)-3-thiabutan-1-one | 177365-35-4 | C17H24O2S |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-4,5,6-trimethylbenzo[b]furan | 89240-12-0 | C11H14O |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1243543-40-9 | C13H17BrO |
| —— | (2S)-5-bromo-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1243544-02-6 | C12H15BrO |
| —— | (2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 784163-67-3 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | (5-bromo-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 1243544-85-5 | C13H17BrO2 |
| —— | (S)-(2,3-dihydro-2,4,6,7-tetramethylbenzofuran-2-yl)methyl methanesulfonate | 204065-21-4 | C14H20O4S |
| —— | (S)-2,3-dihydro-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2-benzofuranmethanol | 204065-20-3 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 3-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ol | 1027234-62-3 | C15H17NO2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-<3-(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)-2-propenyl>benzofuran | 120694-96-4 | C18H18O3 |
| —— | 4,6,7-trichloro-2,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 29262-98-4 | C8H5Cl3O3 |
| —— | 4,5-(OCH2CH2)C6H3C(H)=N(2'-OH-5'-tBuC6H3) | 1306773-32-9 | C19H21NO2 |
| —— | bis(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methanol | 87901-66-4 | C17H16O3 |
| —— | 4,5-(OCH2CH2)C6H3C(H)=NCH2CH2NMe2 | 1306773-29-4 | C13H18N2O |
| —— | 1-[(1-benzyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]-4-cyclobutyl-1,4-diazepane | 1177251-90-9 | C26H32N6O |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-2-butanone | 465529-66-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-ol | 1282033-67-3 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | 5-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1034669-88-9 | C12H14OS2 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4-nitro-2H-benzofuran-5-ol | 130399-36-9 | C14H18N2O5 |
| —— | 5-(7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one | 1083088-66-7 | C16H20N2O3 |
| —— | diethyl 1,6-dimethyl-6,8-dihydro-1H-2,5-dioxacyclohepta<jkl>-as-indacene-1,6-dicarboxylate | 129579-36-8 | C21H22O6 |
| —— | diethyl 6a,9a-dihydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-6,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-2,5-dioxacyclohepta<jkl>-as-indacene-1,6-dicarboxylate | 129579-40-4 | C21H26O8 |
| —— | diethyl 6a,9a-dihydroxy-6,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-2,5-dioxacyclohepta<jkl>-as-indacene-1,6-dicarboxylate | 129579-39-1 | C19H22O8 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3,3a,8a-trihydrobenzo[b]furano[3,2-d]furan-2-one | 337973-19-0 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(phenylseleno)-3,3a,8a-trihydrobenzo[b]furano[3,2-d]furan-2-one | 337973-20-3 | C17H14O3Se |
| —— | 7-methyl-2-phenylselanylmethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 71098-92-5 | C16H16OSe |
| —— | Ethyl 5-[[3-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 742656-30-0 | C19H19Cl2NO4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-ol | 89242-58-0 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-5-nitrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 88062-31-1 | C11H10ClNO5 |
| —— | trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl ester | 189035-25-4 | C9H7F3O4S |
| —— | 2-fluoro-6-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yloxy)-benzonitrile | 872181-23-2 | C16H12FNO3 |
| —— | 2-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yloxy)-6-fluoro-benzonitrile | 872181-81-2 | C15H9ClFNO2 |
| —— | 4,7-Difluoro-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxymethylbenzofuran | 196519-71-8 | C9H8F2O2 |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 152560-12-8 | C8H8O2 |
| —— | (-)-(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 152560-17-3 | C8H8O2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethanone oxime | 146321-88-2 | C10H11NO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde oxime | 882287-07-2 | C9H9NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-3-(3-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)thiourea | 1442459-03-1 | C16H20N4OS |
| —— | 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-4-methylpentan-2-one | 849353-53-3 | C14H14ClF3O2 |
| —— | 7-(azidomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 870061-73-7 | C9H9N3O |