香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | 113168-16-4 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | 113168-17-5 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 7-aminosulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran | 87254-53-3 | C10H13NO3S |
| —— | (2S)-2-[(2R)-5-[1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]propane-1,2-diol | 850312-58-2 | C19H32O4Si |
| —— | 5-[2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2-tert-butoxycarbonyl]ethyl-3-phenyl-3-vinyldihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-one | 870456-14-7 | C31H31NO6 |
| —— | 5-[2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2-tert-butoxycarbonyl]ethyl-3-phenyl-3-vinyldihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-ol | 870456-15-8 | C31H33NO6 |
| —— | 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 100538-34-9 | C14H10O3 |
| —— | Ethyl 7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1565845-67-1 | C11H11NO5 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dimethylbenzo<1,2-b>furan | 76429-71-5 | C10H12O |
| —— | (S)-ethyl 6-(methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1144506-96-6 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | 1,2-dichloro-3-hydroxy-8-oxo-5a-propyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydrodibenzofuran | 120901-92-0 | C15H14Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 64061-58-1 | C10H11NO3 |
| —— | 5-(bromomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 196598-26-2 | C9H9BrO |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-68-1 | C21H22Cl2N2O |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-phenyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 4355-42-4 | C15H12O2 |
| —— | 4,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-thenoyl)benzo[b]-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 107804-72-8 | C14H8Cl2O4S |
| —— | 7-amino-2,2,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 174832-34-9 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 5,7-dichlorobenzofuran | 84944-76-3 | C8H6Cl2O |
| —— | 7-bromo-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 134402-21-4 | C8H6BrClO |
| —— | 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzo[b]furan-2-carbonitrile | 1041187-09-0 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | 3-(3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-N-methylpropylamine | 96843-03-7 | C18H21NO |
| —— | 3-(3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropylamine | 96842-89-6 | C19H23NO |
| —— | 3-(3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-N-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)-N-methylpropylamine | 99484-36-3 | C21H22Cl3NO3 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2-(dichloro-phenylsulfanyl-methyl)-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 126708-26-7 | C16H13Cl3OS |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-4-tert-butyl-6-(propen-3-yl)-5-benzofuranol | 119795-44-7 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 4-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol | 115483-16-4 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (S)-2-methyl 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-thio)-propanol | 1169760-24-0 | C12H16O2S |
| —— | 2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 1616110-60-1 | C11H13NO2 |
| —— | methyl 2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylate | 1027920-73-5 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 2,2,5-Trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 35700-73-3 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 31457-02-0 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 93772-88-4 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 1-(7-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-5-yl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one | 177365-32-1 | C19H26O2 |
| —— | 1-benzyl-3-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]thiourea | 1028559-82-1 | C21H26N2O3S2 |
| —— | 3-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-1-benzofuran-5-ol | 153490-63-2 | C14H19BrO2 |
| —— | [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl] 3-[3,5-di(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propanoate | 1400574-13-1 | C39H50O5 |
| —— | 4-chloro-6-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-pyrimidine | 861851-01-6 | C13H11ClN2O |
| —— | 2,2-Diacetyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 109831-23-4 | C12H11NO5 |
| —— | 1-adamantyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-ylmethanone | 1437790-72-1 | C19H21NO4 |
| —— | 5-Nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-2-ylmethylketon | 109831-26-7 | C10H9NO4 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-1-(5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-yl)-1-propanone | 1437790-73-2 | C13H15NO4 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-carboxylic acid | 123656-36-0 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 129824-10-8 | C10H12O |
| —— | 2,4a-dihydro-4a-methyl-2-oxodibenzofuran-3,7-diyl diacetate | 136985-21-2 | C17H14O6 |
| —— | 4,4a-dihydro-7-hydroxy-4a-methyldibenzofuran-2,3-dione | 136985-19-8 | C13H10O4 |
| —— | 2,4a-dihydro-4a-methyl-2-oxodibenzofuran-3,7-diyl bis(methanesulfonate) | 136985-22-3 | C15H14O8S2 |
| —— | (1S,17R)-6,12,19,25-tetratert-butyl-2,16-dioxaheptacyclo[21.3.1.11,4.114,17.117,21.03,8.010,15]triaconta-3(8),4,6,10(15),11,13,18,20,23,25-decaene-27,28-dione | 145986-93-2 | C44H52O4 |
| —— | 6-chloro-N-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 1476076-14-8 | C16H18ClN3O |
| —— | 7-<2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy>-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 170730-09-3 | C12H16N2O4 |
| —— | 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol | 170730-08-2 | C8H7NO4 |