香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,10-Dimethoxy-3,4',9-tri-t-butyl-dibenzo<d,f>dioxepin-6-spiro-1'-cyclohex-3'-en-2',5'-dion | 1911-89-3 | C32H40O6 |
| —— | 2-Chlormethyl-8-methoxy-benzodioxan | 102880-55-7 | C10H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2-(2'-iodophenoxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2H-chromene | 112128-84-4 | C17H15IO3 |
| —— | 3-(4-acetoxy-phenyl)-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 101278-27-7 | C16H12O4 |
| —— | pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid 4-[(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-amide] 6-{[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethyl]-amide} | 691002-09-2 | C25H21FN6O3 |
| —— | 8,9b-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-(4a<i>r</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-4a,9b-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-3-one | 68804-62-6 | C19H23NO3 |
| —— | N-[2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine | 1187976-35-7 | C22H26N2OS |
| —— | 5-(2-Benzo[1,3,2]dioxaborol-2-yl-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexanone | 126550-63-8 | C16H21BO3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethylspiro[chromane-3,2'-[1,3]dioxane]-6-carbonitrile | 129718-01-0 | C15H17NO3 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid but-2-ynyl-propyl-amide | 947766-49-6 | C20H26N2O2 |
| —— | ((3S)-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 1452478-13-5 | C17H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | 2H,3H-3-(5-(N,N-diethylamino)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpentyl)benzofuran | 1035812-58-8 | C18H29NO2 |
| —— | 3,4,3'',4''-tetrahydro-dispiro[benzo[e][1,3]oxazine-2,1'-cyclohexane-2',2''-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine] | 26928-66-5 | C20H22N2O2 |
| —— | 11-Aethoxycarbonyl-2,4,5a,9-tetramethyl-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 1569-33-1 | C21H22O4 |
| —— | 131194-70-2 | C16H20O2 | |
| —— | 4-((1R)-1-{[(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide | 1332894-38-8 | C20H23N3O4 |
| —— | (((2R,3R,4R)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4,6,11-tetrahydro-2H-naphtho[2,3-g]chromene-3,4-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(tert-butyldimethylsilane) | 1520097-52-2 | C36H60O4Si3 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carbonyl chloride | 99853-95-9 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-[1-(2-Benzyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109208-84-6 | C19H15NO3S |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbonyl chloride | 62910-60-5 | C10H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-[2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]propanol | 137418-58-7 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-chroman | 80515-74-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 2-(5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofuranyl)-1-morpholino-1-oxoethane | 118709-11-8 | C20H18ClNO4 |
| —— | 132645-57-9 | C16H16O | |
| —— | 5-(7-Bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-methyl-oxazole-4-carbonyl chloride | 217493-06-6 | C19H13BrClNO3 |
| —— | dimethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,2(3H)-bis(carbimidate) | 1613306-65-2 | C22H19ClN2O3 |
| —— | 2-deuterio-2-ethyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 58401-10-8 | C10H12O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[(4-xylyloxy)methyl]benzofuran | 377050-74-3 | C18H20O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-3H-benzofuran-2,2-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 198277-30-4 | C14H15BrO5 |
| —— | 6-benzyl-2-(2-methanesulfonyloxy)ethyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-5,8,8-trimethyl-6H-furo[2,3-e]indol-7-one | 170683-21-3 | C23H27NO5S |
| —— | 5-benzyloxy-4-(t-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-(2-propenyl)-2,2,6-trimethylbenzo[b]furan | 137443-89-1 | C25H32O2 |
| —— | 6-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-{(1S)-1-[3-(methyloxy)phenyl]ethyl}pyrimidin-4-amine | 1404103-96-3 | C22H23N3O2 |
| —— | methyl 2-(6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-3-hydroxypropanoate | 1452478-35-1 | C19H18Cl2O5 |
| —— | 2-(1-Iodoethyl)-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,8,8-tetramethyl-6H-furo[2,3-e]indol-7-one | 170683-11-1 | C16H20INO2 |
| —— | 2-{2-[2-(5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-ethyl]-phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole | 685125-88-6 | C19H19BrN2O |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine | 852114-94-4 | C16H18N2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-ethylbenzo[b]furan-2-carboxylic acid propylamide | 1041186-89-3 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-amine | 26244-61-1 | C19H23NO3 |
| —— | tert-Butyl 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-2(1H)-carboxylate | 488127-17-9 | C23H25Cl2NO3S |
| —— | {(1S,3S)-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-3-[3-methoxy-5-(3-methoxy propoxy)-benzyl]-4-methyl-pentyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1132672-11-7 | C30H49NO7 |
| —— | 3-(6-chloro-4H-chromen-3-yl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | 1514898-83-9 | C16H16ClN3O2 |
| —— | 5-amino-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-c]pyridazine-6-carboxamide | 1451993-51-3 | C18H18N4O2S |
| —— | 4-(3-amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine | 1046449-73-3 | C15H17N5O |
| —— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-5-fluoro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofuranyl)acetic acid | 118709-24-3 | C16H11FO4 |
| —— | 1'-benzyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,6,7-trimethylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H),4'-piperidine] | 274907-71-0 | C31H37NO |
| —— | 4-Methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-f][1]benzofuran-8-carbaldehyde | 497239-38-0 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-7-(2-propenyl)-4-(2-propyl)benzo[b]furan | 137444-05-4 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | methyl 2-((2S,3S)-3,5-dimethyl-3-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetate | 1393373-90-4 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-73-8 | C23H19ClF2N2O |
| —— | (5aR,7R,9S,9aS)-7-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy-4-methoxy-9a(5aH)-dibenzofurnacetic acid ethyl ester | 951396-69-3 | C23H36O6Si |