香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (+/-)-1-diazo-3-(2,3-dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran-3-yl)-propan-2-one | 205746-02-7 | C12H12N2O3 |
| —— | 2,5-Epithio-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-9-methyl-1-benzoxepin | 14173-73-0 | C11H12OS |
| —— | ((3S)-6-(1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 1452477-81-4 | C18H16Cl2O4 |
| —— | N-(7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-furo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-acetamide | 1421619-83-1 | C15H11Cl3N2O2 |
| —— | 1257099-15-2 | C25H23ClNO3PS | |
| —— | methyl 4-[(1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-2-acetyloxy-1-prop-2-enyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran-5-yl]butanoate | 1427500-22-8 | C21H26O5 |
| —— | Ethyl 5-α-bromopropionyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 133033-59-7 | C14H15BrO4 |
| —— | trans-2-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-3-benzofuranol | 127154-60-3 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-spirocyclopentyl-5-nitrobenzofuran | 1236305-74-0 | C12H13NO3 |
| —— | nordeoxynivalenol C | 103776-40-5 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxodibenzofuran-4-carboxamide | 1227077-77-1 | C24H20ClNO7 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-chloromethylcarbonyloxybenzofuran-5-yl dimethylaminosulfonate | 57161-65-6 | C14H18ClNO6S |
| —— | [2-(2-Fluoro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 26244-52-0 | C18H20FNO2 |
| —— | N-{[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)Dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl]methyl}cyclopropanamine hydrochloride | 1093083-82-9 | C16H23NO3*ClH |
| —— | (R)-1-((2S,3S)-3-(benzylamino)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethanol | 1356485-59-0 | C25H37NO5Si |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-7-methoxybenzofuran-2-spiro-1'-cyclopentan-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane | 944333-03-3 | C19H27BO4 |
| —— | 3-Benzofuranamine, 2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-methyl- | 1822674-61-2 | C10H13NO2 |
| —— | 2-{N-[4-(3-thienylcarbonylamino)butyl]}aminomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 175902-88-2 | C18H22N2O2S |
| —— | 2-{N-[4-(2-furylcarbonylamino)butyl]}aminomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 175902-89-3 | C18H22N2O3 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-benzofuranone | 66092-54-4 | C16H14O5 |
| —— | (S)-6-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-yn-4-ol | 1198786-03-6 | C17H18ClF3O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, n-propyl ester | 108139-63-5 | C18H16O4 |
| —— | racem. 4-Hydroxy-3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-phenyl-chroman | 93950-09-5 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid allyl-but-2-ynyl-amide | 947766-48-5 | C20H24N2O2 |
| —— | 3,8-Dibromo-5a,10b-dihydro-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran | 1373132-01-4 | C14H8Br2O2 |
| —— | 2,3,3aS,8aR-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy[2,3-d]-benzo[b]furan | 865812-12-0 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | N-[2-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzyloxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-(RS)-benzofuranyl)ethyl] acetamide | 134867-35-9 | C22H27NO3 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4aR,6R,6aS,11aR,11bS)-2,3,10-trimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-divinyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,11a,11b-octahydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxino[2,3-g]benzofuran | 1309662-72-3 | C23H30O6 |
| —— | 2-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ylamine | 65715-22-2 | C9H8F3NO |
| —— | 2-methyl-5-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)methylcoumaran | 119561-14-7 | C16H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ol | 16793-14-9 | C15H21NO4 |
| —— | 1173178-99-8 | C19H27NO5 | |
| —— | ethylenedioxy-4 hydroxy-6 N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-9bβ hexahydrodibenzofuranne | 117570-16-8 | C18H25NO4 |
| —— | methyl 4-amino-2,3-dihydro-6-thioxo-6H-thiopyrano[4,3-b]furan-7-carboxylate | 1222510-89-5 | C9H9NO3S2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-N-[(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2-benzofuranmethanamine | 1184216-66-7 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | ethyl 7-[5-benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-6-(2-propyl)-2,2,4-trimethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoate | 137443-48-2 | C30H40O6 |
| —— | 3-(4,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yloxy)-crotonic acid methyl ester | 101103-53-1 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 1214280-54-2 | C16H15ClF4N4O3 | |
| —— | 1093083-84-1 | C16H23NO3*ClH | |
| —— | (R)-3-(1-(5-bromo-4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)oxazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,6-difluorobenzamide | 1403883-33-9 | C20H15BrF2N2O5 |
| —— | 4-Carbethoxymethylene-7-methoxy-2-methylchroman | 74358-47-7 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dimethoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 62815-91-2 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 3-[2,3-dihydro-5-(2-propyloxy)-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]propanal | 137418-64-5 | C18H26O3 |
| —— | methyl ((3S)-5-bromo-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1452477-48-3 | C18H15BrCl2O4 |
| —— | 3-[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2-thienyl)propan-1-one | 1005201-02-4 | C17H14N2O3S |
| —— | 2-(5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofuranyl)-1-(4-benzylpiperazinyl)-1-oxoethane | 118709-14-1 | C27H25ClN2O3 |
| —— | triisopropyl-[3-(2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-prop-1-ynyl]-silane | 1203447-32-8 | C22H34OSi |
| —— | 2-sec.Butyl-6-methyl-cumaran | 777-31-1 | C13H18O |
| —— | (3R,4S)-6-chloro-3-isopropyl-4-(nitromethyl)chroman | 1260789-71-6 | C13H16ClNO3 |
| —— | 5-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109208-82-4 | C18H19NO3S |