香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(Benzyl-methyl-sulfamoyl)-7,8-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-carboxylic acid | 120588-83-2 | C17H15Cl2NO6S |
| —— | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)propanamide | 1412451-27-4 | C27H29FN2O2 |
| —— | (4E)-4-[(2-azidophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydrochromene | 1279722-80-3 | C16H13N3O |
| —— | 93707-99-4 | C22H8Cl6CuN2O4 | |
| —— | 1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)propan-1-amine | 1412451-93-4 | C18H22N2O |
| —— | 7-Methyl-2-(3-methoxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 17793-74-7 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-(5'-hydroxypentoxy)-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 1187956-34-8 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(1-imidazolyl)-2,3-dihydro-4-methyl-benzopyran-4-ol | 85928-55-8 | C14H16N2O2 |
| —— | 6-Ethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 26018-64-4 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 7-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 1415606-21-1 | C19H25NO6 |
| —— | 936214-79-8 | C16H22N4O | |
| —— | Acetic acid 5-benzylsulfamoyl-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 103969-34-2 | C18H17Cl2NO5S |
| —— | 1586755-85-2 | C24H25Cl2N3O3 | |
| —— | dimethyl 2-ethoxy-7-propylchroman-5,6-dicarboxylate | 123387-31-5 | C18H24O6 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-7-propan-2-yl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 55022-24-7 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-(4-chlorophenyl)((S)-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-36-0 | C32H23BrClNO5 |
| —— | 6,6,19,19-tetramethyl-7,16,20,30-tetraoxaoctacyclo[15.11.1.14,28.02,15.03,8.09,14.021,29.022,27]triaconta-1(28),2(15),3(8),9,11,13,21(29),22,24,26-decaene | 106382-46-1 | C30H26O4 |
| —— | 89177-81-1 | C13H12O4 | |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-acetamide | 1048960-13-9 | C23H29F3N4O2 |
| —— | 11-Carboxy-3,5a,7,9-tetramethyl-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 1569-23-9 | C19H18O4 |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 109209-64-5 | C15H12O2 |
| —— | <2.3-Dihydro-benzofuryl-(2)>-essigsaeure-chlorid | 52407-55-3 | C10H9ClO2 |
| —— | Tert-butyl 2-[[[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-15,22-dioxa-3,5,7,9,29-pentazatetracyclo[21.2.2.14,8.110,14]nonacosa-1(26),4(29),5,7,10(28),11,13,23(27),24-nonaene-13-carbonyl]amino]methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1346650-69-8 | C35H44F3N7O6 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-6<i>H</i>-naphtho[1,8-<i>de</i>][1,3,2]dioxasiline-3a-carbonitrile | 65738-78-5 | C13H11NO3Si |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-thiol | 934347-73-6 | C8H8OS |
| —— | DL-5,6-Dihydro-6,8-dimethyl-2,6-epoxy-5α-(phenylthio)-2H-1-benzoxocin | 89177-83-3 | C19H18O2S |
| —— | 936214-77-6 | C16H21N3O | |
| —— | 1-{5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methoxythiophen-3-yl}ethanone | 1294519-09-7 | C15H14O3S |
| —— | N-(2-(1,4-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-pyridinyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4,6,7-trimethylbenzofuran-2-acetamide | 272770-14-6 | C21H26N2O5 |
| —— | 1-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide | 1331744-80-9 | C17H19N3O2S |
| —— | 7-Methyl-2-(3-ethoxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 17793-75-8 | C15H23NO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 5-amino-6,7-dichloro-4-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 113730-12-4 | C11H10Cl2N2O5 |
| —— | 3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-(3ar,8bc)-3a,8b-dihydro-1H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyrazole | 40277-67-6 | C22H18N2O2 |
| —— | rac-(4R,4aS,6S,7aR,12bS)-13-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-4,6-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one | 93758-36-2 | C19H23NO4 |
| —— | 8-Bromo-3,3,7-trimethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin-5-ol | 157986-44-2 | C18H20BrNO2 |
| —— | spiro[3H-1-benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohexane]-5-carbaldehyde | 109209-94-1 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | endo-7,14-cis-6,6a-trans-14-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,7-diphenyl-6a,7,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-7,13-methano<1>benzopyrano<3,4-c><1>benzoxepin | 95082-62-5 | C31H26O4 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)cyclohexanamine | 1512931-74-6 | C14H19NO |
| —— | 4-(5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 107037-12-7 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | exo-6,14-cis-6,6a-trans-14-bromo-6-methoxy-6,7-diphenyl-6a,7,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-7,13-methano<1>benzopyrano<3,4-c><1>benzoxepin | 95082-60-3 | C31H25BrO3 |
| —— | 5-(3,4-difluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1033765-72-8 | C17H14F2O4 |
| —— | H-Arg(Pbf)-SEt | 1454706-57-0 | C21H34N4O4S2 |
| —— | 5-[1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-1-ium-5-ylidene)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 86766-78-1 | C18H17O2 |
| —— | diethyl 3-(formylmethyl)benzofuran-2,2(3H)-dicarboxylate | 1401439-20-0 | C16H18O6 |
| —— | 1644541-58-1 | C19H22Br2O6 | |
| —— | bis-(2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-methane | 102173-24-0 | C19H18Br2O2 |
| —— | γ-(2-Methyl-4-methoxy)phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 50637-11-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | Co(N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-chlorobenzyl)-2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutane) | 159196-25-5 | C28H40Cl2CoN2O2 |
| —— | (6-iodo-1-benzopyran-2-yl)-methanol | 868152-17-4 | C10H11IO2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid [4-(dimethylamino-thiophen-2-yl-methyl)-cyclohexyl]-amide | 944320-49-4 | C25H29N3O2S2 |