香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5aR,7S,9aR)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-9a(5aH)-dibenzofuranacetamide | 1268868-56-9 | C16H19NO4 |
| —— | 6-(benzyloxy)-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1'-cyclopropane] | 1373243-56-1 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | (5S,6R,7R)-2-(Benzyl-isopropyl-amino)-5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-7-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1]pyrindine-6-carboxylic acid | 377091-24-2 | C35H36N2O5 |
| —— | 3-(2,2-di-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propanoic acid | 1193313-65-3 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 119303-16-1 | C18H22O4 | |
| —— | ((2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethynyl)triethylsilane | 1186637-71-7 | C16H22OSi |
| —— | 4-Azido-3,4-dihydro-6-iodo-2H-1-benzopyran | 676133-40-7 | C9H8IN3O |
| —— | Dihydroxy-2,4-methoxy-4'-methyl-6-diphenylessigsaeurelacton | 31542-83-3 | C16H14O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid pyridin-3-ylamide | 29046-36-4 | C14H12N2O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-67-9 | C16H13F4NO |
| —— | 2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-6,8-dichloro-4H-chromene | 1448893-55-7 | C19H17Cl2F3O4 |
| —— | 4',5',7-tri-O-methyl-5-methoxypeltogynan | 77394-25-3 | C20H22O6 |
| —— | isopropylsulfamic acid 3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 55530-90-0 | C17H26N2O5S |
| —— | 7-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 852116-90-6 | C10H8BrNO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-8,9B-dimethyl-(4a<i>r</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-3<i>c</i>-ol | 27239-60-7 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 1613234-07-3 | C16H17FO5 | |
| —— | cis-7-benzyloxy-4-hydroxychroman-3-yl-3,3-bis(ethylthio)cyclohexane-4,6-dione | 117112-49-9 | C26H30O5S2 |
| —— | 4-[7-Methoxy-2-methyl-chroman-(4E)-ylidene]-butyric acid methyl ester | 37977-19-8 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | 1-[2-hydroxy-4-(5-methanesulfonyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-4-methyl-2-trifluoromethylpentyl]-1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one | 849353-13-5 | C24H28F3NO5S |
| —— | methyl [(3S)-6-{[3-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-2-methylbenzyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetate | 1258397-38-4 | C25H27NO3S |
| —— | 3-pyrrol-1-ylspiro[3H-1-benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carbonitrile | 79227-54-6 | C17H17N3O |
| —— | 6a-Bromo-11a-methyl-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene | 41230-09-5 | C16H13BrO2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 64024-52-8 | C15H14O |
| —— | 1446282-63-8 | C20H24N2O3 | |
| —— | 5-methoxy-2-ethylcoumaran | 1258599-38-0 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (E)-methyl 3-(3-hydroxy-6-nitrobenzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)propanoate | 1311297-09-2 | C12H11NO6 |
| —— | methyl 2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxybenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 74402-16-7 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 2-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-propan-2-ol | 53520-12-0 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 1-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-ethanone-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) | 102026-81-3 | C17H16N4O5 |
| —— | N-(6,7-Dihydro-5-oxa-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-7-yl)-N-methyl-acetamide | 32548-51-9 | C17H17NO2 |
| —— | 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,2,4,6,6,8,-hexamethylbenzo<1,2-b;4,5-b'>-difuran | 94883-25-7 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-Deuterio-2-hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ol | 32559-01-6 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (+-)-8,9b-dimethyl-(4ar,9bc)-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) | 109937-50-0 | C20H18N4O5 |
| —— | 5-Allyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a-Octahydrobenzofuro<3,2-c>indol-10-ol | 36860-31-8 | C17H21NO2 |
| —— | 1-((3-(5-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[6,7]oxepino[4,5-d]isoxazol-8-yl)methyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid | 1307810-20-3 | C26H20F3N3O5 |
| —— | acetic acid-(5-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl ester) | 858792-99-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 1356155-73-1 | C18H18ClF2N3O2 | |
| —— | methyl (S)-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-2-carboxylate | 118166-29-3 | C10H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | endo-7,14-cis-6,6a-trans-14-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,7-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-6a,7,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-7,13-methano<1>benzopyrano<3,4-c><1>benzoxepin | 95082-64-7 | C33H30O6 |
| —— | N-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)thio]-N-methylbutanamide | 1229039-90-0 | C20H23NO3S |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-7-(3-chloro-propoxy)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 1089187-63-2 | C13H16ClNO4 |
| —— | (R)-1-[5-((R)-cyclohexyl-hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl]-3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yloxy)-1-azonia-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride | 1208426-46-3 | C31H38N3O4*Cl |
| —— | 95635-13-5 | C15H16ClNO6 | |
| —— | 6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 27124-67-0 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 55240-96-5 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 2-[2-Pyridin-2-yl-2-(5-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester | 425393-44-8 | C30H33N3O3 |
| —— | 1-<(3,4-ethyleneoxy)phenyl>-1-phenyl-1-ethanol | 81390-91-2 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[(3-bromo-2-methylbenzyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258397-21-5 | C19H20BrNO3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy-7-tert.-butyl-cumaran | 17075-82-0 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-8-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-2H-chromene | 1228299-28-2 | C26H26O2 |