香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-bromo-2,12-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-10a,3-azaetheno-chromeno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 70704-87-9 | C18H19BrN2O3 |
| —— | 6-Methoxy-3,3-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 137605-08-4 | C23H20O5 |
| —— | 8-Methylsulfanyl-6,7-dihydro-5-oxa-dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptene | 95391-97-2 | C15H14OS |
| —— | 2,4-bis-dichloromethyl-6-nitro-4<i>H</i>-benzo[1,3]dioxin | 111398-39-1 | C10H7Cl4NO4 |
| —— | 8-butyl-4,12-dimethyl-10-nitro-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5(13),6,8,10-pentaen-4-ol | 873425-77-5 | C18H21NO4 |
| —— | 132168-46-8 | C26H36O6 | |
| —— | (2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-acetonitrile | 1000851-35-3 | C10H9NO |
| —— | (S)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-iodo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-ol | 1155310-24-9 | C11H13IO3 |
| —— | 3,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one oxime | 103796-54-9 | C11H13NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-64-9 | C16H16FNO2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-N-(3-methylbenzyl)-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-51-6 | C25H23NO7 |
| —— | (3aR,8bR)-8b-ethyl-3,3a,6-trimethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran | 138629-64-8 | C16H20O |
| —— | 1-Butylspiro[piperidine-4,11'(5'H)pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazepine]maleate | 121370-26-1 | C4H4O4*C20H26N2O |
| —— | 8-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo-<1.2-b;5.4-b'>-difuran-6-carbonsaeurechlorid | 68454-37-5 | C12H9ClO4 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-N-(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzyl)-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-67-4 | C29H31NO7 |
| —— | 1-[(1R,3R)-3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl]-propan-1-one | 665004-08-0 | C16H20O2 |
| —— | diethyl benzofuran-2,2(3H)dicarboxylate | 1400892-36-5 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 4-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 929301-81-5 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 7-methoxy-3-phenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1258326-07-6 | C15H12O3 |
| —— | [(1S,2S,7R,9S)-5-methyl-4,6,10-trioxatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.011,16]hexadeca-11,13,15-trien-12-yl]methanol | 88277-15-0 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 11,11,14,14-tetraphenyl-[1,2]diazeto[1,2-<i>d</i>]phenanthro[9,10-<i>b</i>][1,4,5]oxadiazepine-10,13-dione | 106383-47-5 | C42H28N2O3 |
| —— | (Z)-((5-azido-2-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-oxy)triisopropylsilane | 1599371-94-4 | C26H45N3O3Si2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-ethane-1,2-dione | 356560-95-7 | C16H13NO3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-butyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-59-0 | C21H23Cl2NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852125-06-5 | C23H23NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-methyl-1-[7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852124-07-3 | C16H16ClNO |
| —— | N-(2-cyanoethyl)-4-((2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl)amino)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide | 906087-36-3 | C21H23N5O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2,4,4-trimethyl-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 1094415-71-0 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-N-(2,3,6-trimethyl-4-propoxybenzyl)-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-94-4 | C30H33NO8 |
| —— | 4-Nitro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 2034-33-5 | C9H9NO4 |
| —— | dimethyl 6,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]oxepine-4,10-dicarboxylate | 1332637-19-0 | C18H16O5 |
| —— | 3'-phenyl-2,3,5,7-tetrahydro-spiro[furo[2,3-<i>f</i>]isoindolium-2,1'-pyrrolidinium]; iodide | 20948-36-1 | C20H22NO*I |
| —— | 1-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethanol | 86767-21-7 | C18H14F6O2 |
| —— | (3R)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ol | 1356485-72-7 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | trans-2,3,5-trichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 72360-51-1 | C8H5Cl3O |
| —— | 8-Methoxy-3-oxo-9a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 93005-81-3 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 3<i>c</i>-[(2<i>S</i>)-2-(α-hydroxy-isopropyl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl]-allyl alcohol | 101499-28-9 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-chroman-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 108125-67-3 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | dimethyl 2-{(1S,2R,3AS,8BS)-2-acetoxy-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1-hydroxymethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-5-yl}ethylphosphonate | 267222-32-2 | C18H25O7P |
| —— | 7-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ol | 1785460-91-4 | C8H7BrO2 |
| —— | 8,9b-Dimethyl-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-Δ<sup>3(4H)α</sup>-dibenzofuran-acetic acid | 79525-36-3 | C16H16O3 |
| —— | 8-iodo-1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]pyrrole | 1314766-97-6 | C11H10INO |
| —— | bis-(2-piperidinomethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-methane | 119572-29-1 | C29H38N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-[[[1-(2-propyn-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]methyl]thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-72-5 | C17H14N4O2S |
| —— | (2R,3S)-5-Chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 142143-54-2 | C10H9ClO4 |
| —— | 7,7-Ethylenedioxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzofuro<3,2-e>isoquinoline | 79631-86-0 | C19H23NO4 |
| —— | 1-[(3R)-2,3-dihydro-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-3-benzofuranyl]-1,2-hydrazinedicarboxylic acid,1,2-bis(phenylmethyl) ester | 1314114-31-2 | C31H26N2O6 |
| —— | 6-(2-imidazolinylamino)-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 196091-18-6 | C12H15N3O |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-[(2E,4E,6E,8R)-8-methyldeca-2,4,6-trien-2-yl]-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-4,5-dione | 944271-68-5 | C21H27NO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-{7-[(1E)-3,3-dimethylbut-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl}methanamine | 852125-69-0 | C15H21NO |