香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 138763-97-0 | C15H22O |
| —— | N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-amine | 143454-53-9 | C12H14Cl2N2O3 |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)(trimethyl)stannane | 189035-27-6 | C11H16OSn |
| —— | 1-{2-[(1-Benzofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]prop-2-en-1-yl}piperidine | 183069-54-7 | C17H21NO |
| —— | (2-Propyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 37681-05-3 | C13H15NO |
| —— | 6-[(7-Ethoxy-3-ethyl-7-methylnon-2-EN-1-YL)oxy]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 51079-71-1 | C22H34O3 |
| —— | 4-tert-Butyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ol | 500995-91-5 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | N,N,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine;hydrochloride | 669-53-4 | C11H16ClNO |
| —— | 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | 64702-08-5 | C15H14O4 |
| —— | 7-Isocyanato-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 63558-87-2 | C11H11NO3 |
| —— | Ethyl [2-(piperidin-1-yl)-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-ylidene]acetate | 634598-90-6 | C17H21NO3 |
| —— | trans-2,3-Dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 63361-58-0 | C8H6Cl2O |
| —— | Lithium 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ide | 68151-00-8 | C8H7LiO |
| —— | 5-Bromo-2,3,4,6-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 667466-08-2 | C12H15BrO |
| —— | 2-Cyclohexyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 646516-90-7 | C15H20O |
| —— | 6-[(4,7,7-Trimethyloctan-2-YL)oxy]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 62753-42-8 | C19H30O2 |
| —— | 6,8,9b-Trimethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-one | 62470-01-3 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-5-[(oxiran-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 62315-83-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl butylcarbamate | 62204-90-4 | C15H21NO3 |
| —— | 8,9B-diethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-3-one | 62224-30-0 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl propylcarbamate | 62204-89-1 | C14H19NO3 |
| —— | 2,4,8,9b-Tetramethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-one | 62156-74-5 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | 2,8,9b-Trimethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-one | 62156-70-1 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 2,9b-Diethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-one | 62156-69-8 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | N-[(4aR,9bR)-8,9b-Dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-ylidene]hydroxylamine | 61132-58-9 | C14H15NO2 |
| —— | (4aR,9bR)-2-Amino-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3(4H)-one | 61132-60-3 | C14H15NO2 |
| —— | N-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)-N,N'-diethylurea | 61070-44-8 | C13H18N2O2 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl ethenylcarbamate | 88309-98-2 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | 5-[1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 86767-08-0 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 4,6-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 831171-23-4 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3R)-7-Bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxamide | 918305-06-3 | C15H12BrNO2 |
| —— | (7-Bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 918305-08-5 | C15H13BrO2 |
| —— | (+)-7-bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 918304-67-3 | C15H11BrO3 |
| —— | 1-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]propan-1-one | 928406-30-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (3R)-5-chloro-3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1418028-15-5 | C17H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | Esuberaprost Sodium | 152695-53-9 | C24H29NaO5 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-{2-[(1H-imidazol-2-yl)disulfanyl]ethyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide | 1001023-76-2 | C17H16N4O2S3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine hydrochloride | 1294003-39-6 | C8H7ClFNO*ClH |
| —— | 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine hydrochloride | 1384264-50-9 | C9H9ClF3NO |
| —— | 2-(3-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl methanesulfonate | 1346603-15-3 | C11H14O5S |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ylmethanamine hydrochloride | 1421601-92-4 | C9H12ClNO |
| —— | 2-(4-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1443979-63-2 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | 2-Cyano-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | 1443980-08-2 | C9H8N2O3S |
| —— | 5-(1-((2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)azetidin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole oxalate | 1421532-69-5 | C17H19N3O6 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-2-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1445297-68-6 | C17H14O2 |
| —— | Methyl 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylate | 1260178-70-8 | C13H11NO3S |
| —— | (S)-N-(tert-butyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-((S)-2-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 1459804-97-7 | C20H31NO5 |
| —— | (S)-N-(tert-butyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 1459804-91-1 | C17H25NO4 |
| —— | (5-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-YL)methanamine | 944904-39-6 | C9H10BrNO |
| —— | 5-(Trifluoromethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | 944904-30-7 | C9H8F3NO2 |