香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | [2-(4-Benzylsulfanyl-7-methoxy-chroman-3-yl)-phenoxy]-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane | 209404-35-3 | C29H36O3SSi |
| —— | trans-2,5-dichloro-3-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 86324-88-1 | C8H5Cl2FO |
| —— | 4-(4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid | 1234843-77-6 | C22H25ClO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 852116-93-9 | C17H14N4O |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-N-[2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-pentynyloxy)benzyl]-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-88-6 | C33H35NO8 |
| —— | 2-(1',3'-pentadienyl)-5,7-diethoxyethyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 138224-04-1 | C21H30O5 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-7-aethoxy-cumaran | 3199-42-6 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-3-carboxylate | 1403663-20-6 | C10H9ClO3 |
| —— | N,N-dimethyl-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-3-morpholino-propylamine hydrochloride | 1346460-77-2 | C17H26N2O2*ClH |
| —— | 1148128-27-1 | C25H25F2N7O4 | |
| —— | 7-(bromomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 870061-72-6 | C9H9BrO |
| —— | 1-[5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-furan-2-yl]carbonyl-5'-aminomethyl-spiro[piperidine-4,3'-(2H)-benzo[b]furan] | 1158947-13-7 | C24H22Cl2N2O3 |
| —— | 8,9b-Dimethyl-3-<1>pyrrolidyl-4a,9b-dihydro-dibenzofuran | 31704-63-9 | C18H21NO |
| —— | (S)-2-ethenyl-2-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1071984-92-3 | C17H16O |
| —— | (R)-2-azidomethyl-7-(5-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 852112-99-3 | C16H13ClFN3O |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1-methylethylium | 82955-09-7 | C11H13O |
| —— | 4-(4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid | 1234843-76-5 | C22H25FO4 |
| —— | [(4S)-4-[(E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enyl]-4-methylchromen-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1134203-04-5 | C25H28O4 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488124-91-0 | C20H21Cl2NO |
| —— | 2-Benzofurancarboxylic acid,6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-[2-(2-oxazolidinylidene)-1-oxopropyl]- | 105993-00-8 | C15H13Cl2NO5 |
| —— | N-butyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine | 126884-73-9 | C12H17NO |
| —— | 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-1-(4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-2-yl)-ethanol | 77726-39-7 | C16H12Cl4O4 |
| —— | (+)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852115-71-0 | C17H16FN3O |
| —— | 60434-70-0 | C29H43NO2 | |
| —— | 3-(7-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 1325189-74-9 | C11H10BrNO3 |
| —— | 96809-75-5 | C32H24O5 | |
| —— | 10-acetyl-8,12,14-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.02,7.011,15]pentadeca-2,4,6-triene-9,13-dione | 59744-02-4 | C14H10O6 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-ethylamine | 465529-62-8 | C10H13NO |
| —— | 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 2171988-09-1 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-[7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl azide | 1070883-12-3 | C15H11F2N3O |
| —— | 3-(4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)-2-ethyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid | 1234844-36-0 | C23H26ClFO4 |
| —— | 4,9,14,19-tetrabromo-23,25,27,28-tetramethyl-2,21-methano-23H,25H,27H-dibenzo<e,e'><1,4>dioxonino<6,5-j:8,9-j'>bis<1,4>benzodioxonin-3,20-diol | 113379-40-1 | C38H34Br4O8 |
| —— | 5-[(E)-3-Amino-3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl)-acryloyl]-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126201-05-6 | C22H27Cl2NO6S |
| —— | 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 929301-70-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1352740-38-5 | C11H13FO2 |
| —— | 3-(4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid | 1234843-45-8 | C22H25ClO4 |
| —— | ethyl 3-benzyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | 861398-61-0 | C18H18O3 |
| —— | 6-Methyl-3a-8a-dihydrofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 84097-10-9 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-4-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1597548-47-4 | C11H13ClO2 |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 1352740-34-1 | C11H11FO3 |
| —— | 2,10-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-etheno-benzo[<i>f</i>][1,4]oxazepine | 54168-11-5 | C13H13NO |
| —— | 1-(2',3'-dihydro-2',3'-dimethyl-2'-hydroxybenzo<b>furan-3'-yl)imidazole | 135831-73-1 | C13H14N2O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-3-ethoxy-1,7-dihydroxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925441-38-9 | C18H17NO7 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-16-5 | C10H11N3O2 |
| —— | (R)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine | 1345731-69-2 | C12H15NO |
| —— | 4,7-di-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2-n-octyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 216313-44-9 | C24H40O2 |
| —— | 11-Aethoxycarbonyl-2,4,5a,7,9-pentamethyl-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 1569-32-0 | C22H24O4 |
| —— | 3-benzoyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 59092-77-2 | C21H14O3 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-<3>cumaranylmethylamin | 93161-94-5 | C16H26N2O |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-4-methyl-5-benzofuranol allyl ether | 119795-62-9 | C12H14O2 |