香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,5-bis(5-chloro-2-methylthiophen-3-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole | 1294494-17-9 | C17H13Cl2N3S2 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 27124-66-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 2-{N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)}aminomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 159455-56-8 | C18H28N2O3 |
| —— | 912277-44-2 | C11H12O3 | |
| —— | 1-(bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)-1,1-dimethylhydrazinium chloride | 1372721-71-5 | C19H23N2O2*Cl |
| —— | Diacetoxy-4,4'-hydroxy-2-diphenylessigsaeurelacton | 31542-80-0 | C18H14O6 |
| —— | 2a,7b-Dihydro-7b-methoxybenzofuro<3.2-b>azet | 127645-78-7 | C10H9NO2 |
| —— | 2-(4-(5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine | 1602575-21-2 | C24H26F3N3O |
| —— | (3,5-dimethyl-morpholin-4-ylsulfanyl)-methyl-carbamic acid 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl ester | 68839-85-0 | C18H26N2O4S |
| —— | 1016896-64-2 | C28H32BrNO7 | |
| —— | (R)-1-((2S,3S)-3-(benzylamino)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol | 1356485-56-7 | C21H27NO4 |
| —— | 7-Methoxy-3-methylchromanonoxim | 28403-19-2 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | N-tert-Butyl-N-(4,4-diethyl-4H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-2-ylmethyl)-hydroxylamine | 55797-10-9 | C17H26N2O2 |
| —— | N-[1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-phenylbutylidene]hydroxylamine | 115063-26-8 | C18H19NO2 |
| —— | (2,10-Dichloro-12H-5,7-dioxa-dibenzo[a,d]cycloocten-6-yl)-methanol | 40280-81-7 | C15H12Cl2O3 |
| —— | 1-(1-{2-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)methaneamine | 1417311-84-2 | C17H26N2O2 |
| —— | 2-decarboxy-11,15-diacetyl-2-<(tetrahydropyranyloxy)methyl>-5,6,7-trinor-4,8-inter-m-phenylene-PGI<sub>2</sub> | 79022-78-9 | C32H46O7 |
| —— | 2a,7b-Dihydro-7b-(methylthio)benzofuro<3.2-b>azet | 127645-79-8 | C10H9NOS |
| —— | 7-[(4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2-thienyl)methoxy]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazine hydrochloride | 957204-46-5 | C20H16F3NO2S*ClH |
| —— | 6-(Bromomethyl)-4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1093083-54-5 | C13H17BrO3 |
| —— | Benzofuran, 5-[chloro(5-methyl-2-thienyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro- | 1282680-16-3 | C14H13ClOS |
| —— | 4,4-diethyl-2-methyl-6-nitro-4<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,3]oxazine | 37893-43-9 | C13H16N2O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-methyl 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylate | 1267588-46-4 | C22H19NO4 |
| —— | 1,3,6,8-tetrachloro-4b,9b-dimethyl-4b,9b-dihydro-benzofuro[3,2-<i>b</i>]benzofuran | 131409-21-7 | C16H10Cl4O2 |
| —— | trans-2-Fluor-3-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 66946-75-6 | C9H9FO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde semicarbazone | 102495-32-9 | C10H11N3O2 |
| —— | 2-Benzyl-4-(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)morpholine | 1243545-62-1 | C24H31NO2 |
| —— | Acetyldihydrorotenon | 103350-47-6 | C25H26O7 |
| —— | 126492-11-3 | C20H19Cl2NO3S | |
| —— | 5-difluoromethyl-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazole hydrochloride | 1034919-46-4 | C14H14F2N2O*ClH |
| —— | 1-(1-{2-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}azetidin-3-yl)methaneamine | 1417311-83-1 | C16H24N2O2 |
| —— | 4-(7-fluoro-5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-1-(5-propylpyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol | 1346529-60-9 | C25H31FN4O2 |
| —— | [(Me<sub>2</sub>salhexF<sub>4</sub>)Cu] | 1415221-37-2 | C22H20CuF4N2O2 |
| —— | 267222-99-1 | C36H61NO4Si2 | |
| —— | 2a,7b-Dihydrobenzofuro<3.2-b>azet | 127645-77-6 | C9H7NO |
| —— | 1,2,3,4,4a,9a-Hexahydro-4,9a-dimethyl-4a,9-propano-12-xanthenon | 111558-38-4 | C18H22O2 |
| —— | (R)-7-Bromo-3-hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 405519-72-4 | C15H11BrO3 |
| —— | 1613234-05-1 | C16H18O5 | |
| —— | 3-iodochromanol | 79158-50-2 | C12H15IO2 |
| —— | 3,5-diphenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 75846-38-7 | C20H14O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 5-acetoxy-7-oxo-6b-o-tolyl-6b,7-dihydro-12-oxa-benzo[4,5]pentaleno[2,1-a]naphthalen-11b-yl ester | 30502-25-1 | C30H22O6 |
| —— | 4-(7-fluoro-5-(1-(propylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-1-(5-propylpyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol | 1346529-02-9 | C28H37FN4O4S |
| —— | N-benzyl-4-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine | 1410748-21-8 | C15H14INO |
| —— | 3-phenyl-5-propyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 32292-89-0 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 3,6-dibromo-2,4,4,5,8-pentamethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran | 92617-65-7 | C14H18Br2O |
| —— | 5-Propyl-2-[4-[5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidine | 1602575-23-4 | C25H32N4O |
| —— | 1',2',3',5',6',7',9',9a'-octahydro-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,8'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine]-5-carbonitrile | 1258431-57-0 | C17H20N2O |
| —— | (1S,1aS,6bR)-ethyl-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1a,6b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[b]benzofuran-1-carboxylate | 1446091-44-6 | C18H26O4Si |
| —— | 2-chloro-3-(2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)propanenitrile | 1242046-78-1 | C17H12ClNO2 |
| —— | 3-[(S)-2-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl]-propan-1-ol | 85316-81-0 | C15H22O4 |