香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzofuran-5-yl-dimethylaminosulfonate | 55530-98-8 | C12H17NO5S |
| —— | 114862-26-9 | C19H26O3 | |
| —— | 2-diphenylphosphorohydrazino-4-diphenylphosphorohydrazono-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzo-pyran | 170470-64-1 | C33H30N4O7P2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-53-6 | C15H13F2NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852121-45-0 | C15H13F2NO |
| —— | (4aR,9aR)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-xanthene | 1309453-11-9 | C18H26O3 |
| —— | 1-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>-2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol | 133665-80-2 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (R)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1571985-10-8 | C16H22O |
| —— | 2-propyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-ol | 1258851-18-1 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4-chromancarbonsaeure-γ-lacton | 94540-96-2 | C17H14O3 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)acetamide | 1048959-39-2 | C22H31N3O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-chloro-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852113-85-0 | C15H12ClN3O |
| —— | 1609251-26-4 | C16H19NO4 | |
| —— | (E)-5-methoxy-6-(1-propenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 130933-11-8 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | [2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl] acetate | 153491-04-4 | C21H30N2O4 |
| —— | opt. inakt. 7-Cyclohexyl-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 3728-88-9 | C16H22O |
| —— | 4-Chloro-8-methoxy-12H-dibenzo[d,g][1,3]dioxocin-6-carboxylic acid | 133704-53-7 | C16H13ClO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-cyclopentyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852116-87-1 | C20H21N3O |
| —— | 2-[(1S,4aR,9bR)-8,9b-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-yl]-N,N-diethylpropanamide | 78815-89-1 | C21H29NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-40-5 | C15H12ClN3O |
| —— | 4,5,5a,10b-Tetrahydro-4,9,10b-trimethyl-benzofuro<2,3-c>azepin-3-on | 86658-34-6 | C15H17NO2 |
| —— | 5,6,2'-Trimethyl-3-isopropyliden-grisen-(2')-on-(4') | 111356-54-8 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | 1196967-70-0 | C27H31N3O4S | |
| —— | 4-{[3-(6-chloro-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}morpholine | 1514898-73-7 | C16H16ClN3O3 |
| —— | 6-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1262411-89-1 | C8H7IO |
| —— | {pyrrolidinium}2{Fe(N-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)glycine)(3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate)} | 109282-14-6 | 2C4H5N*C25H30FeNO7*2H |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-6-(allyloxy)-5-benzofuranol methoxymethyl ether | 119795-59-4 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-4α-<(Methylsulfonyl)oxy>-6-methoxy-9-chloro-9bβ-<2-(methylamino)ethyl>-1,2,3,4,4aβ,9b-hexahydrodibenzofuran | 90149-47-6 | C17H24ClNO5S |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-cumaran | 17258-88-7 | C12H16O |
| —— | bis<2-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl)methyl> telluride | 78733-69-4 | C20H22O2Te |
| —— | 6-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)spiro[2,4-dihydrochromene-3,4'-5H-1,3-oxazole]-2'-amine | 1221161-60-9 | C17H17N3O2 |
| —— | 3-Allyl-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ol | 128402-45-9 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | ethyl cyano(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1569356-46-2 | C13H13NO3 |
| —— | (+-)-8,9b-dimethyl-(4ar,9bc)-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one-phenylhydrazone | 102316-43-8 | C20H20N2O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxycarbonyloxybenzofuran-5-yl diethylaminosulfonate | 57161-69-0 | C16H23NO7S |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-(1-hydrazonoethyl)thiophen-3-ol | 1294519-10-0 | C14H14N2O2S |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-(2-imidazolidin-2-ylidene-propionyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 105978-40-3 | C15H14Cl2N2O4 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-6-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1592908-24-1 | C19H25NO7 |
| —— | 1,3,6,8-tetra-t-butyl-5H,10H-4,9-dioxapyrene | 117847-32-2 | C30H42O2 |
| —— | 2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-furo-(2,3-b)benzofuran | 87131-23-5 | C11H10O5 |
| —— | 2-decarboxy-11,15-diacetyl-2-hydroxymethyl-5,6,7-trinor-4,8-inter-m-phenylene-PGI<sub>2</sub> | 79021-09-3 | C27H38O6 |
| —— | 2-(4-methyl-2-(2-methylallyl)-2-phenylpent-4-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene | 122823-59-0 | C19H20O5Te |
| —— | ethyl 6,7-dichloro-5-propionyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylate | 126200-36-0 | C14H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(1,2-Dihydroxy-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 3655-34-3 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-yl)methyl azide | 1228176-95-1 | C13H10ClN3O |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-45-0 | C22H31N3O3S |
| —— | 1116108-45-2 | C17H16N4O2*ClH | |
| —— | 2-<1-(acetoxymethyl)vinyl>-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 66614-27-5 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 4,5a-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3,8,9a-tetramethyl-9-(2-oxo-ethyl)-5a,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-2-carbaldehyde | 95701-33-0 | C20H24O6 |
| —— | (1S,4aR,9bR)-8,9b-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-3-one | 78815-92-6 | C20H20O2 |