香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1,2,3a,8b-cis-tetrahydro-5-(3-carbomethoxy-n-propyl)-7-bromo-1,2-syn-epoxycyclopenta[b]benzofuran | 84717-97-5 | C16H17BrO4 |
| —— | (2S)-14-(4-fluorophenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-9-methylsulfonyl-13-oxa-3,4,5,9-tetrazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),4,6,11,14,16-hexaene-15-carboxamide | 1374230-37-1 | C22H20FN5O4S |
| —— | [(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-ylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester | 57786-35-3 | C16H19NO5 |
| —— | 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 185406-44-4 | C18H21NO3 |
| —— | triacetyl derivative-c23h21no7 from 3,4,5-trihydroxy-5,6-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one-imine | 102888-59-5 | C23H21NO7 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}pyrrolidine | 852121-98-3 | C19H18Cl2FNO |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-81-8 | C21H24Cl2N2O |
| —— | (6-hydroxy-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 1380390-18-0 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 1108233-83-5 | C13H10O3S | |
| —— | 3-Iodo-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-chroman | 73047-37-7 | C12H15IO2 |
| —— | N,N-dibenzyl-N-(2-allyl-7,8-dibenzyloxy-2H-chromen-4-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride | 1313007-80-5 | C41H39NO3*ClH |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-7-t-butyl-5-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-prop-(1Z)-enyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 623176-94-3 | C18H26O2 |
| —— | allyl 2-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl)-2-(chlorocarbonyl)hydrazinecarboxylate | 111268-80-5 | C15H17ClN2O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {(1S,3S,5S)-2-[5-(2,3-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ylmethyl}-amide | 1038507-91-3 | C26H23Cl2N3O3S |
| —— | (R)-5-bromo-3,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurane | 1242447-28-4 | C10H11BrO |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-butyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-08-2 | C21H22ClF2NO |
| —— | 2-(2-ethoxy-vinyl)-4,4-diphenyl-4<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,3]oxazine | 69185-94-0 | C24H21NO2 |
| —— | 7-Bromo-2-methoxy-3-phenyl-3-vinyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 321527-40-6 | C17H15BrO2 |
| —— | 2-Propoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid propyl ester | 121045-51-0 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | (E)-(benzofuran-3(2H)-ylidenemethyl)trimethylsilane | 1391970-54-9 | C12H16OSi |
| —— | 4-(8,9b-dimethyl-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-morpholine | 68788-77-2 | C18H23NO2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2-benzoyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 26225-55-8 | C18H18O5S |
| —— | methyl N-[7-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-5,6-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyran-2-yl]carbamate | 1114824-50-8 | C13H13N3O3S |
| —— | 3-Ethoxy-3-phenyl-3H-1-oxa-cyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-one | 75186-72-0 | C24H18O3 |
| —— | 4,12-Dimethyl-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5(13),6,8,10-pentaen-4-ol | 873426-15-4 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | 1'-phenyl-spiro{naphthalene-1(2H),2'(1'H)-naphtho-[2,1-b]furan}-2-one | 29068-71-1 | C27H18O2 |
| —— | 3-Brommethyl-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 92439-78-6 | C15H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-8-carbonitrile | 1282529-87-6 | C13H8BrNOS |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-ethylamine | 19863-72-0 | C10H13NO |
| —— | methyl 2-cyano-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-carbimidate | 1613306-54-9 | C20H15N3O2 |
| —— | 7-amino-6-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methylbenzo[b]furan | 150330-33-9 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 1'-Phenyl-3-methyl-spiro(naphthalene-1(2H),2'(1'H)naphtho<2,1-b>furan)-2-one | 146382-46-9 | C28H20O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)amine | 852115-17-4 | C15H14F2N2O |
| —— | 6-(Cyclopentylthio)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-64-7 | C22H23Cl2NOS |
| —— | 2-N-[1-[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-hydroxythiophen-3-yl]ethylideneamino]-5-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)thiophene-2,5-dicarboxamide | 1294518-43-6 | C26H22N4O4S2 |
| —— | ethyl 5-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 944447-73-8 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | (3R)-7-bromo-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ol | 405519-74-6 | C21H27BrO3Si |
| —— | 2-chloro-N-[(5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)methyl]acetamide | 874623-58-2 | C14H18ClNO3 |
| —— | 4,5,5a,10a-Tetrahydro-1,5a,7-trimethyl-3H-benzofuro<2,3-e>indazol | 86658-37-9 | C16H18N2O |
| —— | 74111-29-8 | C20H22FeN6O6 | |
| —— | <i>trans</i>-auraptenic acid | 25532-43-8 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxydibenzofuran-2(1H)-one | 117040-69-4 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | methyl (E)-4-ethylidene-6-methoxy-7-methylchromane-2-carboxylate | 1174528-11-0 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 4-Amino-3-chloro-6-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid | 496852-19-8 | C14H11ClN2O3 |
| —— | N-Ethyl-2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-3-benzofuranamine | 669-43-2 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 2-Chloro-N-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetamide | 118013-23-3 | C11H12ClNO2 |
| —— | 3,8-diacetoxy-5a,10b-diphenyl-5a,10b-dihydro-benzofuro[2,3-<i>b</i>]benzofuran | 19875-42-4 | C30H22O6 |
| —— | ethyl 5-(α-azidopropionyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 133033-60-0 | C14H15N3O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid 2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl ester | 135958-65-5 | C11H11BrO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yldiethylaminosulfonate | 55531-19-6 | C15H23NO5S |