香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-[(E)-3-Amino-3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylsulfanyl)-acryloyl]-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126201-03-4 | C21H25Cl2NO6S |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-42-5 | C24H19F2NO7 |
| —— | 8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1'-cyclobutane] | 934554-74-2 | C12H12ClNO2 |
| —— | 86766-87-2 | C18H13F6O | |
| —— | 6,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]oxepine-4,10-dicarboxylic acid | 1332637-23-6 | C16H12O5 |
| —— | 3-(Chloromethyl)-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | 1251331-66-4 | C11H9ClN2O2 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2,6-difluoroaniline | 1346706-50-0 | C14H11F2NO |
| —— | 1642135-83-8 | C12H13NO4 | |
| —— | (+/-)-[(5-fluoro-7-pyridin-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]amine | 852121-66-5 | C14H13FN2O |
| —— | 2,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 929301-79-1 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 1239588-43-2 | C21H28O4 | |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-isopropyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852116-81-5 | C18H19N3O |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-11-0 | C18H16Cl3NO |
| —— | 7-acetoxy-2,9-dimethyl-2,5-epoxido-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,2,4]trioxepin-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 109311-89-9 | C15H16O8 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-[7-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852125-70-3 | C15H23NO |
| —— | 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 1350202-53-7 | C21H19F3O4 |
| —— | 5-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid | 1234842-91-1 | C21H21ClO4 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-thiocarbamoylacetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-51-9 | C12H9Cl2NO4S |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dipropyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488125-99-1 | C23H28Cl2N2O |
| —— | methyl 4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3-<2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl>-6-methylbenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 84019-23-8 | C15H17BrO6 |
| —— | Methyl-2-cyano-3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-methyl-butanoate | 465529-69-5 | C15H17NO3 |
| —— | bis-(1,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-xanthen-9-yl)-ether | 57615-61-9 | C32H30O7 |
| —— | 1346458-46-5 | C22H27ClO9 | |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 35700-52-8 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 4-[(1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-2-hydroxy-1-[(E,3S,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(1S,2R)-2-(6-sulfanylhexylcarbamoyl)cyclohexanecarbonyl]oxyoct-1-en-6-ynyl]-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran-5-yl]butanoic acid | 1613232-76-0 | C38H53NO7S |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-ol | 1624613-67-7 | C10H10BrClO2 |
| —— | (4-hydroxy-5-methyl-(2,3-dihydrobenzo [2,3-b]furan-7-yl))thiocarbonitrile | 600176-62-3 | C10H9NO2S |
| —— | 3,8-Dimethoxy-4b,9b-dimethyl-4b,9b-dihydro-benzofuro<3,2-b>benzofuran | 4200-12-8 | C18H18O4 |
| —— | 2,9-Dimethoxy-5a-methyl-5a,10b-dihydro-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran-10b-carbaldehyd | 59521-10-7 | C18H16O5 |
| —— | 1'-methyl-4,6-dinitro-spiro[benzo[1,3]dioxole-2,3'-pyrrolidine]-2',5'-dione | 33199-28-9 | C11H7N3O8 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-{2-[4-methyl-3H-thiazol-(2E)-ylidene]-acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126201-08-9 | C19H19Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 1567839-64-8 | C11H11NO2 | |
| —— | 2-Methyl-6-hydroxy-cumaran | 24416-66-8 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | Methyl 4-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetate | 2070896-39-6 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-butoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-40-2 | C21H23Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 2-Bromo-1-[(1R,3R)-3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl]-propan-1-one | 665004-13-7 | C16H19BrO2 |
| —— | 6-bromo-3-cyano-2H-chromene | 1269293-22-2 | C10H8BrNO |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde | 1072895-55-6 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204584-17-7 | C24H22FN3O3S2 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-01-5 | C23H24Cl3NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852125-00-9 | C18H20ClNO3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488124-94-3 | C23H19Cl2NO |
| —— | 1642135-80-5 | C11H11NO4 | |
| —— | (E)-methyl 2-(3-((butylamino)methylene)-7-methoxy-8-nitro-4-oxochroman-2-yl)acetate | 1454807-75-0 | C18H22N2O7 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-ethyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852116-75-7 | C17H17N3O |
| —— | 5-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid | 2104290-86-8 | C12H9NO4 |
| —— | trans-5-chloro-2,3-difluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 86324-90-5 | C8H5ClF2O |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(isopropylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-61-4 | C20H21Cl2NOS |
| —— | 2-acetyl-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-thenoyl)benzofuran | 77514-41-1 | C15H10Cl2O3S |
| —— | 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)acetamide | 801315-69-5 | C11H10F3NO2 |