香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-76-6 | C18H21NO |
| —— | 4,6-bismethoxymethoxy-5-prenyl-3-benzofuranone | 194084-52-1 | C17H22O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-N-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-amine | 1072073-71-2 | C15H14N4O |
| —— | 1415611-86-7 | C14H14BrF3O4S | |
| —— | 82110-12-1 | C15H16O3 | |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-(2-Hydroxy-propylamino)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-2H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-22-2 | C18H23NO3 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(6-bromo-3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)benzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)propan-1-ol | 1599372-20-9 | C20H31BrO3Si |
| —— | 1-(2-Methoxy-10-oxa-benzo[a]azulen-4b-yl)-ethanone | 153563-30-5 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 1196967-54-0 | C23H37N3O3S | |
| —— | 4-Methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 6738-37-0 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 6-acetoxy-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 21861-24-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (Z)-(2-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propylidene)-3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl acetate | 1599371-98-8 | C29H50O5Si2 |
| —— | 7,9-Dinitro-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 91559-69-2 | C12H12N2O5 |
| —— | 1-<2H,3H-benzofurfuryl>-3-methyl-2-butanone | 142041-20-1 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-methyl-1-[7-(3-methylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852125-10-1 | C18H18F3NO |
| —— | trans-4-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[(E)-3-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propenyl]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl] - cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 1443020-08-3 | C33H40N2O6 |
| —— | 3-cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-2,3,3a,11c-tetrahydropyrro<2,3-d>naphtho<2,1-b>pyran | 118317-34-3 | C26H23NO4 |
| —— | 143049-30-3 | C75H108Br4O8 | |
| —— | 4-<2H,3H-benzofurfuryl>-3,3-dimethyl-1-butene | 142041-21-2 | C14H18O |
| —— | 2-Ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 121045-50-9 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (4a<i>RS</i>,11a<i>RS</i>)-3ξ-acetoxy-6a-methoxy-4a,6<i>c</i>,7,9-tetramethyl-(4a<i>r</i>,6a<i>t</i>)-2,3,4,4a,6,6a-hexahydro-1<i>H</i>-benzofuro[3a,3-<i>b</i>]benzofuran-4ξ-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 119571-97-0 | C24H32O7 |
| —— | 1196967-73-3 | C24H31N3O4S | |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-86-8 | C17H17Cl2NO |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{6-[2-(6-methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-ethoxy ]-benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl}-propionic acid | 474658-58-7 | C27H26N2O4S |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-51-7 | C18H20FNO |
| —— | 3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 57222-81-8 | C18H18O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-ethoxybenzofuran-5-yl ethylaminosulfonate | 55531-06-1 | C14H21NO5S |
| —— | Acetic acid 5-acetoxy-9b-[2-(methyl-propyl-amino)-ethyl]-1,2,3,3a,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan-3-yl ester | 3912-68-3 | C24H33NO5 |
| —— | (2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-malonic acid | 84768-02-5 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | DL-4-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-cumaran, DL-Nor-dihydrotubanol | 94584-78-8 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 5-chloro-2-[4-[5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]pyridine | 1346529-43-8 | C26H32ClN3O3S |
| —— | 4-Brom-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol | 40492-49-7 | C8H7BrO2 |
| —— | 1-(Furan-2-carbonyl)-3-(3-piperidin-1-yl-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-thiourea | 85840-13-7 | C19H20N4O3S |
| —— | 4,6,7-trimethyl-2-(1-methyl-hexyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 858791-88-5 | C18H28O |
| —— | 2-(2-Methylbutyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1319730-63-6 | C13H18O |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-isopropenyl-5-methoxybenzofuran | 99624-75-6 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(4,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-propionic acid | 100972-72-3 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (4S)-3-[2-[(3R,4R)-4-[2-[(4S)-5,5-bis(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-2-oxoethyl]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,2,5-oxadisilolan-3-yl]acetyl]-5,5-bis(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-4-propan-2-yl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 1201848-26-1 | C54H70N2O11Si2 |
| —— | 3.3'-Spiro-bis-<4-phenyl-5.6-benzo-3.4-dihydro-cumarin> | 96772-89-3 | C37H24O4 |
| —— | <i>cis</i>-16,17-dianilino-1,9-dioxa-[9.2]orthocyclophane | 124160-92-5 | C33H36N2O2 |
| —— | 6-chloro-2,2,9,9b-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,9b-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-4-one | 66613-73-8 | C16H19ClO2 |
| —— | 9b-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-6-methoxy-9-methyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-3-one | 93949-25-8 | C18H23NO3 |
| —— | cis-2,3-diacetoxy-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrodibenzofuran | 123558-79-2 | C16H18O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-fluoro-7-(5-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-54-0 | C18H20FNO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-ethylcarbamoyloxybenzofuran-5-yldimethylaminosulfonate | 57161-71-4 | C15H22N2O6S |
| —— | 3,5-ditert-butylbenzene-1,2-diolate;2,4-ditert-butyl-6-hydroxyphenolate;vanadium(4+) | 113153-65-4 | C84H124O12V2 |
| —— | 2-((5aR,7R,9aR)-7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-9a(5aH)-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide | 1256603-68-5 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-7-methoxy-6-hydroxy-benzofuranol | 69151-95-7 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | (E)-5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)pent-3-en-2-one | 113002-43-0 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 5-<2H,3H-benzofurfuryl>-2-methyl-2-pentene | 142041-22-3 | C14H18O |