香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | [(3S)-6-{[(3S)-7-{4-[2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2,6-dimethylphenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1258396-39-2 | C34H32FNO5 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [(1S,2S,5R)-1-(3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)methyl]-amide hydrochloride | 1108173-10-9 | C15H18N2O2*ClH |
| —— | 8,9b-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-(4a<i>r</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-1,2,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 2-chloro-ethylamide | 61132-84-1 | C21H27ClN2O2 |
| —— | (4E,4aS,9bR)-4-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-8,9b-dimethyl-4aH-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-78-5 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5,7-diiodo-3,3-dimethyl-4-benzofuranol | 1232362-03-6 | C10H10I2O2 |
| —— | 71121-17-0 | C24H31FO3S | |
| —— | 2'-Hydroxy-β-flavanol | 67765-49-5 | C15H14O3 |
| —— | (R)-6-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-2-methylchromen-4-oxime | 1134785-16-2 | C10H10FNO2 |
| —— | 1334435-32-3 | C25H38N2O4 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (2R,3S)-4,7-diacetoxy-3-acetoxymethyl-2-methyl-6-((E)-propenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 68325-29-1 | C22H26O9 |
| —— | 2-(4-(7-fluoro-5-(1-(propylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-09-6 | C28H39FN4O3S |
| —— | 1075234-77-3 | C16H20FN3O2S | |
| —— | [4-[[[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]methyl]phenyl]methanol | 1005200-61-2 | C18H16N2O3S |
| —— | 3-(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820259-12-9 | C20H22O3 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol | 250289-97-5 | C10H11BrO2 |
| —— | 3-nitro-4-(trichloromethyl)-6,8-di-tert-butylchroman | 1616929-52-2 | C18H24Cl3NO3 |
| —— | 2-tert-Butyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 863970-65-4 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indeno[5,6-b]furan-2-one | 101451-36-9 | C17H14O2 |
| —— | 76673-18-2 | C20H14Cl4O2 | |
| —— | (Z)-2-benzylidene-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)furan-3-ol | 87606-84-6 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 6-bromo-7-isopropoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1330575-19-3 | C13H17BrO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 2-bromomethyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl ester | 135958-66-6 | C11H10BrNO5 |
| —— | (rac)-4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-N-{3-[(S-methylsulfonimidoyl)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine | 1415248-66-6 | C19H19N5O2S |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-7-hydroxy-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 952396-11-1 | C17H14N2O4S |
| —— | 1.2.3.4.10.11-Hexahydro-10-hydroxy-diphenylenoxyd | 95251-71-1 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,2,6,7-tetramethyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820258-12-6 | C19H21BrO |
| —— | 3-(3-{[(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 223491-66-5 | C20H23NO3 |
| —— | 61245-35-0 | C19H24ClNO4 | |
| —— | 2-Bromo-1-[(1R,3R)-3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl]-ethanone | 665004-10-4 | C15H17BrO2 |
| —— | 2-[[[2-[(E)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)vinyl]oxazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-75-8 | C22H15F2N3O3S |
| —— | 2-[(4-tert-butylbenzyl)thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-49-6 | C21H22N2O2S |
| —— | 5-methoxy-2',3'-dihydro-3H-spiro[1-benzofuran-2,1'-indene]-3-one | 1109220-55-4 | C17H14O3 |
| —— | 2-(2'hydroxy-2',3'-dihydrobenzofuran-3'yl)phenol | 124483-18-7 | C14H12O3 |
| —— | 5,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 39531-27-6 | C16H14O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl-carbamate | 77248-86-3 | C15H19NO5 |
| —— | 2-(4-(7-fluoro-5-(1-(propylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-06-3 | C28H37FN4O3S |
| —— | (R)-5-ethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(N-(2-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)ethyl)methylsulfonamido)-N-methylfuro[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide | 1345176-63-7 | C29H30FN3O6S |
| —— | N-Cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-benzofuran-3-carboxamid | 94004-38-3 | C18H17NO2 |
| —— | N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxamide | 1224599-96-5 | C15H14ClN3O2 |
| —— | 1193313-60-8 | C15H20O3 | |
| —— | 1-(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride | 1311313-92-4 | C13H20ClNO |
| —— | 7-methyl-2-(phenylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 74455-34-8 | C16H16OS |
| —— | (4,6-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 119384-84-8 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | 5-(m-tolyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,1'-cyclohexan]-2-one | 1419174-58-5 | C20H20O2 |
| —— | 5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[2,3-b]furan-7-yl acetate | 791064-00-1 | C12H15NO3 |
| —— | 5-bromo-4,6,7-trimethyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820259-04-9 | C18H19BrO |
| —— | (R)-7-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine | 1345731-84-1 | C11H12BrNO |
| —— | Acetic acid 4-acetoxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-((S)-6,7,8-trimethoxy-chroman-3-yl)-phenyl ester | 71594-06-4 | C24H28O10 |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2H,3H-furo[2,3-c]pyridine | 2648965-99-3 | C7H6FNO |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepin-3-ol | 1132982-03-6 | C14H20O4 |