香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2.2-Diethoxy-2.3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ol | 67405-63-4 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 1642135-74-7 | C12H12O5 | |
| —— | (7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetonitrile | 57899-19-1 | C12H12ClNO |
| —— | acetic acid (R)-(E)-1-((2R,3R)-7-bromo-2,3-dimethyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-4-methyl-5-oxopent-3-enyl ester | 628299-79-6 | C27H41BrO5Si |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-Dibutylamino-meth-(E)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-82-1 | C23H31NO2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-[(1-phenylethyl)thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-43-0 | C18H16N2O2S |
| —— | 4-(5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-9a-yl)phenol | 1147714-45-1 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488125-96-8 | C24H28Cl2N2O |
| —— | N-((3S)-1-(7-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)isobutyramide | 1258851-36-3 | C17H23FN2O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(7-fluoro-5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 852117-70-5 | C9H8BrFO2 |
| —— | (+/-) {[7-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852150-81-3 | C17H14ClF4NO |
| —— | 2-Anilino-4aβ,9b-dihydro-8,9bβ-dimethyldibenzofuran-3(4H)-one | 135347-84-1 | C20H19NO2 |
| —— | N-((3S)-1-(7-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | 1258851-37-4 | C17H21FN2O2 |
| —— | [(3S)-6-({(3S)-7-[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}amino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1258396-32-5 | C29H31NO6 |
| —— | 1-tert-butyl 1-methyl 5,6-dimethoxy-1a,2-dihydrocyclopropa[c]chromene-1,1(7bH)-dicarboxylate | 1236004-47-9 | C19H24O7 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-89-1 | C17H18FNO2 |
| —— | 194879-24-8 | C10H13BO2 | |
| —— | 1111631-42-5 | C26H26O10 | |
| —— | N-(cyclopropyl(5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)ethanesulfonamide | 1255869-99-8 | C19H22N2O3S |
| —— | 4-((2R,4S)-2,4-Dimethyl-chroman-4-yl)-phenol | 64681-46-5 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | 2-(5-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1372769-16-8 | C11H10BrNO |
| —— | 1602575-05-2 | C30H40N4O3 | |
| —— | (1R,1aR,6aR)-1-Methyl-1a,6a-dihydro-1H-6-oxa-cyclopropa[a]indene | 117706-80-6 | C10H10O |
| —— | (S)-(+)-N-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl hydroxyamine O-benzyl ether | 1034926-62-9 | C16H17NO3 |
| —— | 2-[(2,6-difluorobenzyl)thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-54-3 | C17H12F2N2O2S |
| —— | 4,7-dichloro-5a,10b-dimethyl-5a,10b-dihydro-benzo[<i>b</i>]benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-<i>d</i>]furan | 67238-35-1 | C16H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-pentanoic acid ((4R,9bS)-8,9b-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-4-yl)-amide | 58323-24-3 | C19H24ClNO3 |
| —— | 8-Ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl chroman | 69873-38-7 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-ethyl-2-acetoxymethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 137206-69-0 | C13H15BrO3 |
| —— | 3-Benzofuranamine, N-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-6-(3-methoxy-1-methylpropoxy)- | 1770242-74-4 | C15H23NO3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]phenol | 850480-90-9 | C20H24O4S |
| —— | (2-isopropyl-2H-chromen-4-yl)phenylmethanol | 1072932-92-3 | C19H20O2 |
| —— | 2,5a,9,10b-Tetramethyl-5a,10b-dihydro-benzofuro<2.3-b>benzofuran | 4200-14-0 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 3a-cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-2,3,3a,11c-tetrahydropyrro<1,3-d>naphtho<2,1-b>pyran | 118317-37-6 | C26H23NO4 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(cyclohexyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-63-2 | C23H25Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 2.3-Dihydro-2-piperidino-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-benzofuran | 7182-13-0 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-7-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-boronic acid | 623175-86-0 | C12H17BO3 |
| —— | 8,9b-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid 2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethylamide | 61132-90-9 | C22H29N3O3 |
| —— | 2-tert-butyl-3,3-dichloro-2,2a,3,3a-tetrahydrocyclopropa<c>-1-benzopyran | 128343-04-4 | C14H16Cl2O |
| —— | 2-isopropenyl-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 581096-48-2 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-7-Methoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde | 185406-88-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride | 2704501-05-1 | C10H14ClNO |
| —— | (S)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-methanol | 118017-24-6 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3R,3aR,8bS)-3a,6,8b-trimethyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-3-yl ester | 362057-02-1 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | N4-{[4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}-N2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-diamine | 736050-48-9 | C21H28N6O3 |
| —— | 1-ethyl-3-((3S)-1-(7-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea | 1258851-42-1 | C16H22FN3O2 |
| —— | 1382135-85-4 | C22H27N3O4 | |
| —— | 9,9',2,2'-tetra-tert-butyl-[1,1](4,7)[5a,10b]dihydrobenzofuro[2,3-b]benzofuranophane | 889131-82-2 | C46H52O4 |
| —— | 2-(1-Piperidinyl)methyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-5,8,8-trimethyl-6H-furo[2,3-e]indol-7-one·hydrochloride | 170684-27-2 | C19H26N2O2*ClH |
| —— | 7-cyclohexylmethyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-boronic acid | 623176-27-2 | C17H25BO3 |