香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (Z)-3-(5-azido-3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)benzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)propan-1-ol | 1599372-29-8 | C20H31N3O3Si |
| —— | (E)-3-oximino-4-phenylchroman-3-methyl ether | 103702-03-0 | C16H15NO2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-40-3 | C24H19F2NO7 |
| —— | 873204-08-1 | C20H33N5O5S | |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-44-6 | C24H21Cl2NO2 |
| —— | diethyl 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-7-methylbenzofuran-2,2-dicarboxylate | 93680-87-6 | C17H22O8 |
| —— | 2-(2-p-chlorophenylethyl)-5-allyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 138854-13-4 | C19H19ClO2 |
| —— | ethyl (2E)-7-chloro-2-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-hydroxy-3H-chromene-4-carboxylate | 1380745-78-7 | C16H17ClO6 |
| —— | 1-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-butan-1-one semicarbazone | 101116-82-9 | C14H19N3O2 |
| —— | 2-ethoxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-chroman | 100863-26-1 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | (Z)-5-(3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)benzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)pentan-1-ol | 1599372-11-8 | C22H36O3Si |
| —— | 2,7-dimethyl-2-(2-methylphenoxymethyl)coumaran | 113964-49-1 | C18H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820257-85-0 | C19H22O |
| —— | 75170-49-9 | C24H15CrO12 | |
| —— | 3-(4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-chroman-8-yl)-1H-pyridin-2-one | 1243242-87-6 | C16H15NO3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-azepan-1-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-87-0 | C23H26Cl2N2O |
| —— | methyl 3-[(2R)-2-(3-Oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-4-yl]propanoate | 532399-68-1 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 1-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-butan-1-one-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) | 102082-36-0 | C19H20N4O5 |
| —— | 2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-41-8 | C17H13ClN2O2S |
| —— | (S)-2-Ethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 170803-32-4 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amide | 40547-92-0 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2,2,6-tricarbonsaeure-2,2-diethylester-6-methylester | 94429-44-4 | C16H18O8 |
| —— | 254964-36-8 | C24H32N4O3 | |
| —— | Acetic acid 5,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl ester | 98192-44-0 | C10H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | 1-methyl-2-phenylacetyl-(2a<i>r</i>,5aξ,10b<i>t</i>,10c<i>c</i>)-2,2a,3,4,5,5a,10b,10c-octahydro-1<i>H</i>-chromeno[4,3,2-<i>cd</i>]indazole | 25559-40-4 | C22H24N2O2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-3-[3-(ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl]urea | 1589538-36-2 | C17H18N6O2 |
| —— | 2-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4bH-10-oxa-benzo[a]azulen-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 916509-00-7 | C24H36O4 |
| —— | (S)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 1403663-23-9 | C9H8O3 |
| —— | 3-[1-Iodo-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 107616-50-2 | C9H7IO |
| —— | 3-((Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 2089650-23-5 | C14H17NO5 |
| —— | (1S,2S)-2-nitro-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan | 1424936-85-5 | C19H15NO3 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(5-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-yn-1-yl)-3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)benzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)-propan-1-ol | 1599372-27-6 | C28H42O3Si |
| —— | dimethyl 7'-chloro-2-methoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylspiro[1,3-dioxa-2λ5-phosphacyclopentane-2,2'-3,4-dihydro-1,2λ5-benzoxaphosphinine]-3',4'-dicarboxylate | 107938-18-1 | C19H26ClO8P |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid ((1R,3R,5S)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide | 123655-52-7 | C19H26N2O2 |
| —— | 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,2-dihydro-naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan | 146173-38-8 | C18H13ClO |
| —— | 8,9b-Dimethyl-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-Δ<sup>3(4H)α</sup>-dibenzofuran-acetonitrile | 79525-35-2 | C16H15NO |
| —— | Methyl 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1463478-65-0 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | N,9,10,13-tetraethyl-11-oxo-8-oxa-10-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-triene-12-carboxamide | 79225-44-8 | C20H28N2O3 |
| —— | 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methyl-4-(5-methansulfonyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)pentan-2-one | 849353-70-4 | C15H17F3O4S |
| —— | 7-isothiocyanato-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-sulfonic acid amide | 1377582-14-3 | C9H8N2O3S2 |
| —— | (Z)-(2-(3-hydroxypropylidene)-3-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl acetate | 1599372-33-4 | C23H36O5Si |
| —— | 1346596-19-7 | C19H21NO2 | |
| —— | 873204-13-8 | C22H31N5O4S2 | |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-5-amine | 820259-82-3 | C22H23NO |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-carbonsaeure-(2)-morpholid | 109100-34-7 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | N-[[1-[2-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]-3-hydroxybenzenesulphonamide | 1417308-85-0 | C23H30N2O5S |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dimethylbenzo<b>furan-2,3-diol | 1010421-70-1 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 4,5,7-Trichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetic Acid | 2070896-42-1 | C10H7Cl3O3 |
| —— | Methyl 5-Ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetate | 2070896-48-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 7-methoxy-5-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)spiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1'-cyclopentane] | 363185-66-4 | C17H22O2 |