香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (7-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetonitrile | 57899-17-9 | C11H10ClNO |
| —— | 7-Methyl-3,4,6-trichlor-3-chromen-2-ol | 71706-68-8 | C10H7Cl3O2 |
| —— | 64438-02-4 | C17H20O3 | |
| —— | (5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1461714-44-2 | C9H11Cl2NO |
| —— | 4-Amino-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-benzofuran | 31010-93-2 | C10H13NO |
| —— | methyl 4-hydroxy-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 1642135-72-5 | C11H10O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-isoaplysin | 126252-18-4 | C15H19BrO |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-ol | 139006-32-9 | C17H17ClO4 |
| —— | 5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine | 1142939-31-8 | C24H25N5O2 |
| —— | 2,2,5-Trimethyl-7a,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-1,7-dioxa-3-thia-cyclohepta[a]phenalen-4-ol | 133902-10-0 | C18H22O3S |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-[[(5-methyl-1-propyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-74-7 | C18H20N4O2S |
| —— | 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzyl)thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-32-7 | C17H12F2N2O2S |
| —— | 3-Phenethyl-4-oxo-5-phenyl-6.7-benzo-8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo<3.3.1>nonan | 103622-73-7 | C25H23NO2 |
| —— | (1R,1aS,6aR)-1a,6a-Dihydro-1H-6-oxa-cyclopropa[a]indene-1-carbaldehyde | 84521-76-6 | C10H8O2 |
| —— | 1,4b,6,9b-Tetramethyl-4b,9b-dihydro-benzofuro<3.2-b>benzofuran | 4200-09-3 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 4-acetoxy-6-((S)-6-acetoxy-7,8-dimethoxy-chroman-3-yl)-2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl ester | 71594-07-5 | C25H28O11 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)pent-4-en-1-one | 1566883-08-6 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-02-6 | C23H18Cl3NO |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-71-6 | C23H20Cl2N2O |
| —— | 7-Acetoxy-1,1',3,3',4,4'-hexamethyl-1,7'-epoxy-2,1'-bi-inden | 73088-97-8 | C26H30O3 |
| —— | 4-(4-cyanophenyloxy)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-c]pyridine | 1067633-50-4 | C14H12N2O2 |
| —— | 863394-41-6 | C36H50CuN6O6 | |
| —— | {(3S)-6-[(1R)-4-(1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-indan-1-yloxy]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl}-acetic acid methyl ester | 1380389-81-0 | C24H26F2O5 |
| —— | (S)-5-methanesulfonyl-2-(2-piperidin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-pyridine | 1382137-13-4 | C19H22N2O3S |
| —— | 5-[4-(5-decylpyrimidine-2-yl)phenyl]-2-methylcoumaran | 160310-80-5 | C29H36N2O |
| —— | (3a<i>R</i>)-5-methoxy-9b-vinyl-(3a<i>r</i>,9a<i>c</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-1,3a,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-2<i>H</i>-phenanthro[4,5-<i>bcd</i>]furan-3-one | 109404-60-6 | C17H18O3 |
| —— | 7-Iodo-6-methoxy-2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-benzo[b]furo[3,2-d]furan-4-ol | 128033-21-6 | C11H11IO4 |
| —— | 1374605-41-0 | C14H9IO2 | |
| —— | 3-bromo-3,4-dihydro-2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran | 92617-86-2 | C11H13BrO2 |
| —— | 1-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-[(RS)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl]ethene | 186525-12-2 | C16H24O2Si |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-58-1 | C15H13F2NO |
| —— | 4-Methoxy-6-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 104875-28-7 | C17H22O6 |
| —— | tert-Butyl 6-(cyclobutylthio)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-2(1H)-carboxylate | 488127-19-1 | C26H29Cl2NO3S |
| —— | (E)-methyl 3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)propanoate | 1311297-08-1 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 2,4,4,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid | 854839-27-3 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4,7-diyl diacetate | 84428-22-8 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 19580-22-4 | C9H6F4O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [(1S,3S,5S)-2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-ylmethyl]-amide | 1112139-15-7 | C28H29N3O3S |
| —— | 143018-02-4 | C65H58Br2O8S2 | |
| —— | 2-[[[1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]methyl]thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-73-6 | C18H18N4O2S |
| —— | 1350911-02-2 | C40H47NO3Si | |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-isopropoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-48-0 | C20H20Cl3NO2 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-6-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one | 1613191-10-8 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (E)-2-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-vinyl ester | 125812-17-1 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | methyl 2,3-dihydro-5-(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 75841-39-3 | C18H18O4 |
| —— | (R)-6-[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)acetyl]-2-acetyl-3,7,9-trihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzo[b,d]furan-1(9bH)-one | 1609950-02-8 | C20H17N3O7S |
| —— | 8-(4-Chloro-benzyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine-5-thione | 144537-64-4 | C18H18ClNO2S |
| —— | (2R)-2-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol | 905454-43-5 | C11H14FNO3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bS)-2-Dipropylaminomethyl-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 68788-88-5 | C21H29NO2 |
| —— | 8-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo-<1.2-b;5.4-b'>-difuran-6-carbonsaeure-methylester | 68454-42-2 | C13H12O5 |