香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-ethyl-N-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488125-98-0 | C25H30Cl2N2O |
| —— | 6λ<sup>4</sup>-Benzo[<i>b</i>]benz[4,5][1,2]oxathiolo[2,3-<i>b</i>][1,2]oxathiol-3,9-diol | 36910-71-1 | C13H8O4S |
| —— | 2-Chlor-1-(2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)benzofuran-2-yl)ethanon | 165279-81-2 | C18H17ClO3 |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 53287-58-4 | C15H20O |
| —— | 3-Acetoxymercury-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran | 66865-66-5 | C13H16HgO3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-ethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-67-6 | C19H18Cl3NO2 |
| —— | 1334141-03-5 | C24H28N2O5S | |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-N-methyl-<3>cumaranylmethylamin | 91562-77-5 | C12H17NO |
| —— | 5-Bromo-4-(chloromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-methoxybenzofuran | 98569-14-3 | C10H10BrClO2 |
| —— | (5-Methanesulfonyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-[1-(5-trifluoromethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl]-methanone | 1421937-29-2 | C20H20F3N3O5S |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxamide | 1147882-91-4 | C22H27NO4 |
| —— | 7,8-dihydro-2-phenyl-2-(phenylethyl)-4H-furo<2,3-g>-1,3,2-benzodioxaborin | 145275-25-8 | C23H21BO3 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 1443020-90-3 | C29H34N2O7 |
| —— | 4-(3-methyl-6-nitro-chroman-2-yl)-morpholine | 36688-41-2 | C14H18N2O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-<2-Chlor-1-hydroxy-ethyl>-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 4079-93-0 | C10H11ClO2 |
| —— | 1613234-09-5 | C18H22O5 | |
| —— | 4-benzyloxy-2-formyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-carboxylic acid (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amide | 955886-11-0 | C21H19N3O4 |
| —— | 5-Bromo-7-methoxy-2-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 117266-75-8 | C9H8BrNO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-isocyano-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl }amine | 852122-65-7 | C17H16N2O |
| —— | 5-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-1-ium | 86766-84-9 | C16H14ClO |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carbonsaeure-3α-tropanylester | 106784-76-3 | C23H25NO3 |
| —— | 5-ethylamino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1158052-17-5 | C10H13NO |
| —— | 8-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane | 180004-63-1 | C17H18F4O3 |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 121045-15-6 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | Aflatoxin RB2 | 56217-84-6 | C17H20O6 |
| —— | 2-isopropenyl-4,6-bis(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1058196-50-1 | C24H40O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-naphtho[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 39674-69-6 | C14H11ClO3 |
| —— | trans-2-N-Methyl-anilino-3-brom-chroman | 36055-16-0 | C16H16BrNO |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [3-(2-methyl-4-p-tolyl-thiazole-5-carbonyl)-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl]-amide | 1204583-77-6 | C25H25N3O3S2 |
| —— | Diacetyltetrahydrodesoxyusnic Saeure | 34776-47-1 | C22H24O8 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(propylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-40-5 | C20H20Cl3NOS |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(ethylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-30-3 | C19H19Cl2NOS |
| —— | 1-<D-galacto-1,2,3,4,5-Pentakis(acetoxy)pentyl>-5-imino-9-nitro-5H-benzo<b>thiazolo<3,2-d><1,4>oxazepin-4-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 109314-97-8 | C29H31N3O15S |
| —— | 75780-83-5 | C12H17MoNO5S | |
| —— | diethyl 3-(dimethylamino)-7-methylbenzofuran-2,2(3H)-dicarboxylate | 1447798-31-3 | C17H23NO5 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid azide | 149036-28-2 | C11H11N3O3 |
| —— | 5-acetoxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 71484-06-5 | C16H18O6 |
| —— | 2-(4'-hydroxybutoxy)-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 1187956-32-6 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4,9-dihydro-naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione | 107828-84-2 | C22H20O6 |
| —— | Methyl 2,3-dihydro-7-chloro-9-methylthio-1-benzoxepin-4-carboxylate | 248959-53-7 | C13H13ClO3S |
| —— | S-3-<2,3-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methoxy-5-benzofuranyl>-1-propanol | 78796-62-0 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | 6,9-Dimethyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzo[de]chromen-3-ol | 764713-52-2 | C14H13NO4 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(2-propylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-41-6 | C20H20Cl3NOS |
| —— | Acetic acid 6b-(4-butyl-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxo-6b,7-dihydro-12-oxa-benzo[4,5]pentaleno[2,1-a]naphthalen-11b-yl ester | 36831-39-7 | C31H26O5 |
| —— | [Me<sub>2</sub>In(μ-ddbfo)]<sub>2</sub> | 1395067-63-6 | C24H34In2O4 |
| —— | 3-O-Methyl-6-hydroxy-N-methyl-7,13-(1-azapropano-(1,3))-5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14-octahydro-morphenol-methobromid | 18222-08-7 | Br*C19H26NO3 |
| —— | Hexahydrorutaretin methyl ether | 78796-61-9 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 38281-39-9 | C15H14O |
| —— | 5-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-1-ium | 87901-55-1 | C15H12FO |
| —— | (+/-)-5-acetyloxy-2,3-dihydro-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-benzofuranethanol | 134867-69-9 | C15H20O4 |