香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-<(5-methyl-4-thiazolin-2-ylidene)acetyl>-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-87-1 | C15H11Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 4-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,4-trimethylchroman | 121624-92-8 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | N-Thio-(N'-BU-O-ME-carbamyl)carbofuran | 68672-91-3 | C18H26N2O5S |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8,9b-Dimethyl-4-[1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-90-1 | C20H24N2O2 |
| —— | 2-((E)-2-Benzenesulfinyl-pent-3-enyl)-5,7-bis-methoxymethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 138223-99-1 | C23H28O6S |
| —— | (-)-(3R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-N-(9-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-ylmethyl)-N-isobutylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide | 1233924-20-3 | C28H35ClN2O4 |
| —— | 1245509-91-4 | C23H25N3O3 | |
| —— | 2,9-Bis-benzyloxy-3,8-dimethoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene | 336131-19-2 | C31H28O6 |
| —— | 1003048-58-5 | C16H17NO*ClH | |
| —— | (4E,4aS,9bR)-4-[[4-[(E)-[(4aS,9bR)-8,9b-dimethyl-3-oxo-4aH-dibenzofuran-4-ylidene]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4aH-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-92-3 | C34H34N2O4 |
| —— | (1S,4aS,9aS)-6-nitro-2-(2-phenethyl)-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine | 1058712-90-5 | C22H24N2O3 |
| —— | 2-Benzofurancarboxylic acid,5-[3-(2-butenylamino)-3-(methylthio)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro- | 105978-97-0 | C17H17Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 4b,9b-dihydro-4b,9b,3,8-tetramethylbenzofuro(3,2-b)benzofuran | 59521-06-1 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | Formic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 138223-89-9 | C11H12O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-78-2 | C16H13F4NO |
| —— | 8,14-dimethyl-4,18-<i>trans</i>,<i>trans</i>-dipropenyl-7,8,9,10,13,14,15,16-octahydro-6<i>H</i>,12<i>H</i>-5,11,17-trioxa-8,14-diaza-dibenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>c</i>]cycloheptadecene | 73429-29-5 | C28H38N2O3 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-(3-pyridylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2,2-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 85666-39-3 | C21H23NO7 |
| —— | N-((2-(3-(3-fluorobenzyl)ureido)thiazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxamide | 1108709-71-2 | C22H21FN4O3S |
| —— | 2-(3-bromo-propyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 84768-06-9 | C11H13BrO |
| —— | 2,4,7-Trimethyl-4-(2'-propenyl)chroman-3-one | 74552-38-8 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-(3-dimethylamino-3-methylthio-2-propenoyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-60-0 | C15H15Cl2NO4S |
| —— | (S)-4-[3-((S)-7-Bromo-3-carboxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-4-methoxy-benzyl]-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 760980-23-2 | C30H30BrNO7 |
| —— | 1215020-37-3 | C22H26N2O | |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-05-8 | C21H18FNO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-11-6 | C22H21NO |
| —— | 2,9-Dimethoxy-5a-methyl-5a,10b-dihydro-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran-10b-carbaldehydhydrazon | 59521-14-1 | C18H18N2O4 |
| —— | methyl ((3S)-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1452479-61-6 | C11H11BrO4 |
| —— | N-benzyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-42-5 | C24H25NO |
| —— | 9-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-g]chromene | 1043542-04-6 | C14H15NO4 |
| —— | 8-bromo-3,5-dihydro-4,5,5-trimethyl-2H-cyclopenta[de]chromene | 1198273-05-0 | C14H15BrO |
| —— | 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']difuran-4-carboxylic acid {(1R,3S,4S)-2-[2-amino-5-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-ylmethyl}-amide | 1181571-74-3 | C28H27FN4O4S |
| —— | 5-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-<2-<(2-pyridyl)thio>ethyl>-6-propylbenzofuran | 139201-36-8 | C36H43NO2SSi |
| —— | 6-fluoro-1'-(4-nitro-1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4'-piperidine] | 937255-01-1 | C17H16FN3O4 |
| —— | 2-(Iodomethyl)-4,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1212056-49-9 | C11H13IO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-94-2 | C18H18F3NO |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8,9b-Dimethyl-4-[1-propylamino-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-1,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-2H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-19-7 | C18H23NO2 |
| —— | Z-5,5',7,7'-Tetra-tert-butyl-2,2,2',2'-tetraethoxy-Δ3,3'(2H,2'H)-bi<benzofuran> | 75540-60-2 | C40H60O6 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 60770-56-1 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-3-Hydroxy-3-isopropyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 104862-26-2 | C12H13NO6 |
| —— | 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-diphenyl-3,3'-bibenzo-<b>furan-2,2'-(3H,3'H)-dione | 65425-12-9 | C30H22O4 |
| —— | O-ethyl-S-n-propyl-O-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-7-benzofuranyl)thiophosphate | 96408-48-9 | C16H22F3O4PS |
| —— | (R/S)-N-ethylamide of 6-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 944447-70-5 | C11H14N2O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(7-bromo-5-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 852116-72-4 | C11H13BrO2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-48-5 | C20H25NO |
| —— | (+)-(2aS,4R)-8-Methoxy-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-4-carbonsaeuremethylester | 84936-26-5 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-2-methyl-propyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]oxepine | 77961-18-3 | C18H26O3 |
| —— | dimethyl 2-vinylchromane-3,3-dicarboxylate | 1173178-81-8 | C15H16O5 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-46-3 | C17H19NO |
| —— | (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1352740-42-1 | C11H11FO3 |
| —— | 84835-90-5 | C35H47O2Ta |