香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [(1S,3S,5S)-1-(2-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)methyl]-amide | 1038509-78-2 | C15H18N2O2 |
| —— | 1-(3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethan-1-one | 1440538-47-5 | C12H11F3O2 |
| —— | (+)-1-[[2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-5-(phenylmethyl)benzo[b]furan-2-yl]methyl] pyrrolidine, monohydrochloride | 179020-68-9 | C21H25NO*ClH |
| —— | (S)-N-{2-[4-({[2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1-methylethyl]ethylamino}methyl)piperidine-1-sulfonyl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide | 241137-15-5 | C22H37N3O5S2 |
| —— | 1084899-26-2 | C9H6FNOS | |
| —— | 5-Chlor-2-(3-ethoxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 21130-23-4 | C14H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-benzofuran | 1089210-21-8 | C12H14Br2O2 |
| —— | 1-diazo-3-(2,3-dihydro-7-methoxybenzo<b>furan-3-yl)-2-propanone | 155792-27-1 | C12H12N2O3 |
| —— | 2-(2-(furan-2-carbonyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethan-1-one | 1589534-86-0 | C19H14O5 |
| —— | (5R)-3-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)benzyl]-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 1095985-19-5 | C19H19NO3 |
| —— | 4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820258-84-2 | C10H12O |
| —— | S-allyl 2-(chlorocarbonyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioate | 111268-81-6 | C15H17ClN2O3S |
| —— | N-(4aS,10aR)-10,10a-Dihydro-1H,4aH-9-oxa-2-thia-phenanthren-3-yl-N-methyl-acetamide | 132906-90-2 | C15H17NO2S |
| —— | 2-Carbaethoxydibenzo<d,f><1,3>-dioxepin | 97439-95-7 | C16H14O4 |
| —— | 1-(3-Hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-3H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-2-yl)-ethanone | 29749-97-1 | C14H18N2O3 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 1370418-94-2 | C13H11NO4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (methyl)(piperidinosulfenyl)carbamate | 55285-09-1 | C17H24N2O3S |
| —— | 7-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-5H,6H,7H,8H-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-5-yl]heptanoic acid | 1356331-80-0 | C29H33N3O3 |
| —— | 7-butyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 131868-69-4 | C13H18O |
| —— | 1-[(7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-propan-2-ol | 40547-91-9 | C13H19NO3 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4′R,6′S)-7-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-3,6′-dimethyl-3′,4′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[chroman-2,2′-pyran]-4′,5-diol | 1610702-35-6 | C18H26O6 |
| —— | 2-chloro-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-11-fluoro-12,12a-dihydro-6H-pyrido[2',3':5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,4-a]indole | 1446249-07-5 | C17H16ClFN2O3 |
| —— | 2'-amino-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-1',3,3-trimethylspiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazol]-5'(1'H)-one | 1311261-04-7 | C20H20ClN3O2 |
| —— | 1346596-20-0 | C19H23NO2 | |
| —— | acetic acid 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)ethyl ester | 1225021-74-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 1-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-hexadecan-1-one-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) | 103400-18-6 | C31H44N4O5 |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-amine | 62035-37-4 | C15H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-(Dimethylamino)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-benzofuran | 1623-75-2 | C12H17NO2 |
| —— | 3-cyano-3-{4-[(4-{[(2Z)-2-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)ethyl]oxy}benzyl)oxy]phenyl}propanoic acid | 1356599-58-0 | C28H26N2O6 |
| —— | 5a.6.7.8.9.9a-Hexahydro-N-ethyl-dibenzofuran-9a-amin | 124326-29-0 | C14H19NO |
| —— | 4-N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-6-methoxy-3a-<2-(trimethylsilyl)eth-1-oxy>-3a,8a-dihydro<2,3-b>benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 139220-79-4 | C19H27NO7Si |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-7-pent-4-enoxy-3H-1-benzofuran | 897026-66-3 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-1-(4-{2-[2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-4,5-dihydro-6-oxa-3-thia-1-aza-benzo[e]azulen-8-yl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol | 1282527-70-1 | C26H31N7O3S |
| —— | 7-hydroxy-9<i>c</i>-hydroxymethyl-9a-methoxy-6-methyl-(3aξ,9a<i>r</i>)-3,3a,9,9a-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-chromeno[3,2-<i>b</i>]pyrrol-2-one | 68315-44-6 | C14H17NO5 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-amine hydrochloride | 1803592-28-0 | C8H9Cl2NO |
| —— | 2-bromo-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-propan-1-one | 63998-57-2 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | ((E)-But-2-enyl)-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-35-2 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-3-methanesulfinyl-2-methyl-propan-2-ol | 63755-73-7 | C13H18O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol | 1159829-84-1 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-5-((E)-3-methylamino-3-methylsulfanyl-acryloyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 126200-40-6 | C15H17NO4S |
| —— | 2,6-[(38,39,41,42-tetrabenzyloxy-5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-t-butylcalix[6]arene-37,40-diyl)bis(oxymethylene)]-1,4-benzoquinone | 263843-51-2 | C102H112O8 |
| —— | (3aS,8bS)-7-Bromo-8-methyl-1,2,3,8b-tetrahydro-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-3a-ol | 139126-02-6 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-2-ethoxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 98192-38-2 | C11H12Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-N-<4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenylmethyl>-N,2-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarboxamid | 149530-57-4 | C22H27NO2 |
| —— | 8-[2-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-54-5 | C18H16F3NO2 |
| —— | 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid | 854839-28-4 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-piperidin-1-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-84-7 | C22H24Cl2N2O |
| —— | 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1609003-85-1 | C15H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2-(3-aminoprop-1-ynyl)-7-[(R)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-3-(1-piperidin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-furo[3,2-c]pyridin-6-ylamine | 1175298-42-6 | C26H25Cl2FN6O2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-((2S,3R,4S)-4-((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-3,6-dimethyl-3-nitrochroman-2-yl)acetate | 1266339-58-5 | C21H24N2O6 |