香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-(3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylphenyl))-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820259-11-8 | C20H22O3 |
| —— | 5-(3-diethylamino-3H-benzofuran-2-ylidene)pentan-1-ol | 1068483-21-5 | C18H25NO2 |
| —— | 4-benzylidene-3-(tert-butyl)spiro[thietane-2,9'-xanthene] | 113120-87-9 | C26H24OS |
| —— | 2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6,7-tetrachloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 97133-09-0 | C8H4Cl4O3 |
| —— | 7-Chloro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 57899-13-5 | C10H11ClO |
| —— | 7-Methoxy-3,3,5-trimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzoxepin-5-ol | 280586-23-4 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl 4-(2-(1-(propylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate | 1346529-83-6 | C26H38N2O5S |
| —— | 6-(1'H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-pyrrolidin]-1'-yl)pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid | 1047657-44-2 | C16H15N3O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-43-1 | C17H19NO |
| —— | 3,3-dibromo-2,3-dihydro-2-ethylbenzo[b]furan-2-carbonitrile | 1041187-06-7 | C11H9Br2NO |
| —— | methyl 6-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)dibenzo[d,f][1,3]dioxepine-6-carboxylate | 1177433-40-7 | C18H16O6 |
| —— | (+/-) {[7-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-45-3 | C16H16FNO |
| —— | N-benzyl-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-34-5 | C17H19NO |
| —— | 130740-58-8 | C20H18N2O5S2 | |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-29-0 | C18H17Cl2NOS |
| —— | (R/S)-N-ethylamide of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 944447-71-6 | C11H14N2O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-methyl 5-methyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1267588-20-4 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-01-4 | C21H18ClNO |
| —— | diethyl 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2,2-dicarboxylate | 84161-30-8 | C16H20O7 |
| —— | 5,7-Bis-(1-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2-((E)-2-phenylsulfanyl-pent-3-enyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 138224-02-9 | C27H36O5S |
| —— | 1013098-77-5 | C21H21FO2 | |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-Butylamino-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-08-4 | C19H23NO2 |
| —— | N-((3S)-1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)isobutyramide | 1258851-46-5 | C17H24N2O2 |
| —— | 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-68-5 | C11H15NO |
| —— | methyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-carbimidate | 1613306-52-7 | C22H18N2O2 |
| —— | (R)-[3-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol | 1034919-07-7 | C14H16N2O2 |
| —— | 5-acetoxy-4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-2,2-di-(3-methylbutyl)benzofuran | 157360-38-8 | C28H46O3 |
| —— | (6-chloro-2,3dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)methanol | 711017-70-8 | C9H9ClO2 |
| —— | 1-(5-Iodo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)ethanone | 1047648-52-1 | C10H9IO2 |
| —— | 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 55825-22-4 | C17H16ClNO3 |
| —— | 2-(2-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1372769-21-5 | C12H13NO |
| —— | 2-methyl-1-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-3H-benzofuran-2-ylidene)propan-2-ol | 1068483-28-2 | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | (4,6-ditert-butyl-2,2-dipropyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl) acetate | 1027043-40-8 | C24H38O3 |
| —— | dimethyl spiro[4H-chromene-2,1'-cyclopentane]-3,3-dicarboxylate | 1173178-78-3 | C17H20O5 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-13-2 | C20H20Cl3NO |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3a-methyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-benzo[4,5]furo[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyrrol-5-ol | 51898-19-2 | C13H17NO2 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carbonyl chloride | 103969-48-8 | C11H10Cl3NO4S |
| —— | 3-[5-C-(1,4-anhydro-β-D-erythro-tetrofuranosyl)-2-methylfuran-3-yl]-5-(2-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole | 1179526-64-7 | C24H23BrN2O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (4-oxo-2-pyrimidin-4-yl-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-7-oxa-1,4a-diaza-benzocyclohepten-9-yl)-amide | 1175532-27-0 | C23H23N5O4 |
| —— | 60908-40-9 | C12H12N2O4 | |
| —— | 6,7,8,9,10,10a-Hexahydro-5a-piperidino-5aH-cyclohepta<b>benzofuran-2-ol | 5117-26-0 | C18H25NO2 |
| —— | 3-chloro-4-[4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-trifluoromethylpentyl]benzonitrile | 609808-18-6 | C22H21ClF3NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-cyclopentyl-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-64-6 | C20H22ClNO |
| —— | (R,S)-5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 847949-07-9 | C11H9NO3 |
| —— | 1,2,3a,3b-tetrahydro-3H-benzo<b>cyclopenta<2,3>cyclopropa<1,2-d>furan-3-one | 105456-80-2 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | Th{((CH3O-3)-C7H4NO)2-CH2CH2} * C5H5N | 78837-33-9 | C5H5N*C36H36N4O8Th |
| —— | 5-Chlor-furadan | 4790-93-6 | C12H14ClNO3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)ethan-1-amine | 1423025-50-6 | C10H13NO |
| —— | 4-Allyloxy-3-methyl-2-vinyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ol | 129750-80-7 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 3-[5-C-(1,4-anhydro-β-D-erythro-tetrofuranosyl)-2-methylfuran-3-yl]-5-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole | 1179526-67-0 | C24H22Br2N2O4 |