香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | ethyl (E)-3-(1-benzyl-3-butyl-2-((2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl)guanidino)propanoate | 1028559-95-6 | C30H43N3O5S |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carbonyl chloride | 118166-26-0 | C9H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-N-[2,3,6-trimethyl-4-(phenoxymethyl)benzyl]-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-57-9 | C34H33NO8 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-57-2 | C24H19Cl2NO7 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-4-aethoxycarbonyl-chromanon-(3) | 91910-53-1 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 1-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>-2-butanol | 142065-24-5 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-(7-benzyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanamine | 852110-05-5 | C16H17NO |
| —— | 5-cyclopropyl-2-[4-[2-methyl-5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidine | 1346529-38-1 | C29H38N4O3S |
| —— | 2-[4-[5-(1-methylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-16-5 | C26H34N4O3S |
| —— | cis-1,2,2a,8a-tetrahydro-2a,5,8,8a-tetramethyl-8H-benzo<b>cyclobuta<e>pyran-8-ol | 138629-61-5 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 7-Methoxy-3-vinyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carbonitrile | 107345-63-1 | C12H11NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-98-2 | C19H23NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[6-chloro-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-92-3 | C15H13Cl2NO |
| —— | (-)-N-methyl-1-[7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852124-03-9 | C17H19NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-38-4 | C16H16FNO |
| —— | 5-Amino-4,6,2'-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-gris-2'-en-3,4'-dion | 26881-63-0 | C17H19NO6 |
| —— | 6,7-dimethoxy-3-oxo-chroman-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 107682-97-3 | C14H16O6 |
| —— | 4-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-<i>c</i>]pyridine | 113136-36-0 | C21H21NO3 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-33-7 | C32H23BrFNO5 |
| —— | 2H,3H-3-((1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl)benzofuran | 130013-33-1 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 1-(5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride | 2137690-77-6 | C10H13Cl2NO |
| —— | 2-[4-[5-[1-(2-methylpropylsulfonyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-15-4 | C29H40N4O3S |
| —— | 4-{[3-(4H-chromen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}morpholine | 1514898-71-5 | C16H17N3O3 |
| —— | 1-(2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-piperidine | 92728-99-9 | C15H21NO |
| —— | 3-(dimethylamino)-4-methoxy-2,2(3H)-benzofurandicarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl ester | 1447798-23-3 | C15H19NO6 |
| —— | 1076247-10-3 | C30H29NO6 | |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2-((Z)-1-methyl-propenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 117436-92-7 | C13H16O |
| —— | 1196967-56-2 | C25H35N3O3S | |
| —— | 5-(7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzofuran-6-yl)-2-propionyl-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one | 157189-09-8 | C21H25ClO4 |
| —— | 1192851-99-2 | C26H42O4Si | |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid pyridin-4-ylamide | 29046-37-5 | C14H12N2O2 |
| —— | 1039069-10-7 | C23H14F6O2 | |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-2-methylbenzofuran-7-yl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 92607-78-8 | C11H14N2O3 |
| —— | 7'-bromo-3'-hydroxy-1-methyl-1',2',3',4',4a',9a'-hexahydrospiro[imidazolidine-4,9'-xanthene]-2,5-dione | 1369627-68-8 | C16H17BrN2O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-88-7 | C15H13ClFNO |
| —— | 4-methoxyamino-4-methyl-3-methylidenechromane | 137265-91-9 | C12H15NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-chloro-7-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-65-3 | C16H14ClF2NO |
| —— | 4-[(2S,3S)-4-Methoxymethoxy-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl]-butan-2-one | 98677-59-9 | C16H19F3O5 |
| —— | (1S,3S,4R)-5',7'-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-4'-(2-methylpropyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,2'-chromene] | 115014-28-3 | C23H32O3 |
| —— | 8-Acetoxy-3-oxo-7,9b-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 93006-66-7 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | N2-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,6-diamine | 1214249-50-9 | C18H19N3O2 |
| —— | 4-acetoxy-2-(2-iodophenoxymethyl)-2H-chromene | 120045-75-2 | C18H15IO4 |
| —— | 3,5a,9-trimethylcoumarano<3.2-b>chroman | 136670-19-4 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 153491-06-6 | C25H40N2O5Si | |
| —— | 2-Acetyl-5-nitro-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-2-carbonsaeureethylester | 109831-22-3 | C13H13NO6 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-74-1 | C16H16FNO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-chloro-7-(3.4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-71-1 | C16H14ClF2NO |
| —— | 2,5-dimethyl-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)methylcoumaran | 119561-17-0 | C17H16Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3,4-(2-Methyl-furano)-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-<cumaranyl-(2)>-pyron-(2) | 98882-86-1 | C19H16O6 |
| —— | 2-(5-Fluoro-2-allyloxy-1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-imidazoline Hydrochloride | 313950-91-3 | C14H15FN2O3*ClH |