香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,4aS,9aS)-2-methyl-6-nitro-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine | 1058712-84-7 | C15H18N2O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-7-benzofuroyl)amino-1-methyl-3-propyl-5-pyrazolecarboxamide | 386714-03-0 | C18H22N4O3 |
| —— | 2-chloro-N-[3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl]-nicotinamide | 1135493-25-2 | C16H15ClN2O2 |
| —— | 3-[5-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethoxy)-phenoxy]-azetidine | 1227621-10-4 | C18H18ClNO3 |
| —— | {4-[2-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl}-pentylamine | 425393-38-0 | C23H30N4O |
| —— | (7-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 289891-96-9 | C12H10F4O3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-65-4 | C24H21Cl2NO2 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(butylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488126-42-7 | C21H22Cl3NOS |
| —— | (3-methylchroman-3-yl)methanol | 1254940-93-6 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 9-(3-methoxypropyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine hydrochloride | 1055879-12-3 | C13H19NO2*ClH |
| —— | 2-(2-((benzoxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1372769-22-6 | C18H17NO2 |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methanesulfonylfluoride | 2172375-25-4 | C9H9FO3S |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-(3-oxo-butyl)-7-pentyl-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-furo[4,3,2-de]chromene-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 70475-02-4 | C23H32O5 |
| —— | 1642135-71-4 | C13H14O5 | |
| —— | 1025008-54-1 | C21H24O6 | |
| —— | 3-((1s,3'S,4R)-2''-amino-4-methoxy-1''-methyl-5''-oxo-1'',5''-dihydrodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-benzofuran-3',4''-imidazol]-5'-yl)benzonitrile | 1245509-92-5 | C24H24N4O3 |
| —— | 5-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one | 1067879-89-3 | C14H13NO2 |
| —— | 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1372769-13-5 | C15H19NO |
| —— | 8,9B-dipropyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-3-one | 101787-60-4 | C18H22O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-1-(3-morpholin-4-yl-3H-benzofuran-2-ylidene)propan-2-ol | 1068483-25-9 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | 892406-58-5 | C17H27BrO3Si | |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-amino-8-fluoro-6-methylchroman-3-ol | 1311411-48-9 | C10H12FNO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 9-(5-methyl-3-furyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine-4(5H)-carboxylate | 1055880-72-2 | C19H23NO4 |
| —— | 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(2,2,6,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-4-yl)-phenol | 76080-51-8 | C20H25NO2 |
| —— | (Z)-N-benzyl 5,5-dimethyl-4-(3'-ethylpenta-1',2'-dienyl)furan-2(5H)-imine | 1284293-65-7 | C20H25NO |
| —— | {4-[2-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl}-heptylamine | 425393-39-1 | C25H34N4O |
| —— | 6-Ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylicacid | 2137537-83-6 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 4-(6-chloro-5,7-diethyl-4-oxochroman-2-yl)-3-oxobutyric acid methyl ester | 913361-97-4 | C18H21ClO5 |
| —— | ethyl 2-((2S,3R,4S)-6-fluoro-4-((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-3-methyl-3-nitrochroman-2-yl)acetate | 1266339-55-2 | C20H21FN2O6 |
| —— | (S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 386713-97-9 | C10H10O3 |
| —— | 3-(Dimethyl-ethyl-ammonio)-7-methyl-cumaran Iodid | 66-66-0 | C13H20NO*I |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-[(3-methylbenzyl)thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-45-2 | C18H16N2O2S |
| —— | 2-Benzofuranol, 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)- | 1824111-75-2 | C9H6ClF3O2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylsulfonyl)-3-{[(2R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine hydroformate | 1202822-18-1 | CH2O2*C21H23N3O3S |
| —— | (3S)-2,3-Dihydro-7-phenyl-3-benzofuranamine | 1228553-56-7 | C14H13NO |
| —— | 6,6-diethyl-4-methyl-8-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran | 1408054-08-9 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | (κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N))2Ni | 1258964-57-6 | C28H36N2NiO2 |
| —— | N-(2,3-Dihydro-4-benzofuranyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide | 327183-30-2 | C10H10N2O3 |
| —— | 2-[(2S,3S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-chroman-2-yl]-propan-2-ol | 1030350-15-2 | C18H30O3Si |
| —— | 2,12-dimethyl-5a,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-5H-chromeno[3,2-d]xanthene | 1374221-14-3 | C22H24O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 342821-23-2 | C14H16O7 |
| —— | 1616241-32-7 | C8H11N*C10H10O3 | |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-4-methyl-1-(indazol-4-ylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-2-ol | 825653-81-4 | C22H24F3N3O2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid | 1354407-52-5 | C13H11NO3S |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 342821-27-6 | C14H16O7 |
| —— | trans-3-Butyrylamino-4-chromanol | 64139-28-2 | C13H17NO3 |
| —— | N-benzyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-38-3 | C26H29NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-90-4 | C17H18ClNO2 |
| —— | 3,3,7-Trimethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin-5-ol | 157986-26-0 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylsulfonyl)-3-{[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine hydroformate | 1202822-20-5 | CH2O2*C21H23N3O3S |