香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (R)-2-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 130981-37-2 | C10H11NO5S |
| —— | N-benzyl-1-[(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl]ethanimine | 1051915-09-3 | C19H21NO |
| —— | (-)-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-34-6 | C16H15Cl2NO |
| —— | (R)-3‑[3‑(1,3‑dioxan‑2-yl)propyl]‑2,3‑dihydrobenzofuran | 1571985-03-9 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 3,9a-Dinitro-7-oxo-tetrahydrodibenzofuran | 66041-65-4 | C12H8N2O6 |
| —— | N-[[7-(3-methoxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]cyclopropanamine | 1093083-68-1 | C16H23NO3 |
| —— | 3-Aethyl-3a,8b-tetrahydro-3a-methyl-1H-benzofuro<2,3-c>pyrrol-5-ol | 40682-40-4 | C13H15NO2 |
| —— | N-[2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl(phenyl)methylidene]hydroxylamine | 115063-23-5 | C15H13NO2 |
| —— | methyl 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 53006-11-4 | C11H11ClO3 |
| —— | 1-(2-Isopropenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethanol | 35738-21-7 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852125-36-1 | C16H14Cl2FNO |
| —— | 2,2,2-trifluoror-N-[1-methyl-2-(3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-g]chromen-9-yl)ethyl]acetamide | 1043541-99-6 | C16H18F3NO3 |
| —— | 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,8-Decahydro-7-methyl-<1>benzopyrano<2,3-j>isochinolin | 40135-69-1 | C17H23NO |
| —— | (S)-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl]-hydroxy-acetic acid ethyl ester | 1030350-07-2 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carbonitrile,7-[2-(2-furanyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-[[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy]- | 660414-79-9 | C24H33NO3Si |
| —— | 1'-phenyl-spiro{naphthalene-1(2H),2'(1'H)-naphtho[2,1-b]furan}-2-one | 29068-71-1 | C27H18O2 |
| —— | 4,10-Dimethoxy-11a-methyl-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofuro<3,2-c>benzopyran | 14270-18-9 | C18H18O4 |
| —— | 7-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane hydrochloric acid | 929302-19-2 | C18H26N2O*ClH |
| —— | 5-Formyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylicacid | 2344685-65-8 | C10H8O4 |
| —— | [(2R,3S)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine hydrochloride | 2094461-29-5 | C10H14ClNO |
| —— | methyl 5-amino-4-iodo-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylate | 1374298-37-9 | C12H14INO3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-sulfonyl chloride | 1461708-46-2 | C8H6Cl2O3S |
| —— | 1613233-90-1 | C19H22O5 | |
| —— | 8-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-trans-1,2,3,4,4a,10b-hexahydro-5H-chromeno<3,4-c>pyridazine | 95334-18-2 | C14H20N2O2 |
| —— | 5-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxybutyl)-3H-cyclopenta<b>benzofuran | 79020-63-6 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | (R)-2-acetyl-6-[2-(4-chlorophenylthio)acetyl]-3,7,9-trihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzo[b,d]furan-1(9bH)-one | 1609950-04-0 | C24H19ClO7S |
| —— | (S)-2-amino-6-(5-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ylamino)-2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5,6-tetramethyl-5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 1357098-02-2 | C24H29FN4O2 |
| —— | 4-chloro-3,6-diformyl-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene | 98744-20-8 | C14H13ClO4 |
| —— | ethyl 7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylate | 126200-34-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 1-(8-bromo-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepin-2-yl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanone | 1189816-72-5 | C20H14BrClO2S |
| —— | Tetrahydroxy-2,3',4,4'-diphenylessigsaeurelacton | 31542-81-1 | C14H10O5 |
| —— | cis-7-benzyloxy-3a,9b-dihydro-3-methylene-4H-furo<3,2-c><1>benzopyran-2(3H)-one | 117112-43-3 | C19H16O4 |
| —— | (Z)-3-oximino-4-phenylchroman-3-methyl ether | 103702-02-9 | C16H15NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethanone | 428817-53-2 | C16H15NO2 |
| —— | (3S,4aR,9bR)-9b-allyl-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzofuran | 951167-76-3 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 58132-49-3 | C60H81O5P | |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-chroman-3-ol | 1030350-17-4 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | (2R,1'S)-2,3-dihydro-2-(2',2',4'-trimethyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-methoxybenzofuran | 470459-83-7 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 6a-Bromo-4,10-dichloro-11a-methyl-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene | 41230-11-9 | C16H11BrCl2O2 |
| —— | 2-N-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | 586978-61-2 | C12H13N5O |
| —— | Benzofuran-2,3-dione 3-(O-methyl-oxime) 2-oxime | 200419-39-2 | C9H8N2O3 |
| —— | 2-Propylaminomethyl-5-chlor-8-methoxy-benzol | 101263-76-7 | C13H18ClNO3 |
| —— | 2H,3H-3-(2-hydroxy-2-propylpentyl)benzofuran | 130013-31-9 | C16H24O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-3-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1187956-40-6 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2-((8S)-6-(((S)-tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-indeno[5,4-b]furan-8-yl)acetate | 1448715-67-0 | C19H25NO4S |
| —— | 1'-(2-methoxyphenyl)-spiro{naphthalene-1(2H),2'(1'H)-naphtho[2,1-b]furan}-2-one | 76048-51-6 | C28H20O3 |
| —— | 6-Acetoxy-7-propylcumaran | 31379-49-4 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 3-tert-Butyl-6,8,8-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-5,7-dioxa-benzocyclohepten-2-ol | 35205-22-2 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | 5a-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-ol | 39230-28-9 | C22H26N2O2 |
| —— | 1351636-92-4 | C2HF3O2*C20H32N4O4S |