香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3R)-6-[(1R,2S)-2-ethylcyclohexyl]oxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
| —— | 1-[(Z)-[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methylideneamino]-3-[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]thiourea | —— | C17H25N3O3S |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-[methyl-[[(1R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]amino]ethanone | —— | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-[methyl-[[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]amino]ethanone | —— | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-[methyl-[[(1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]amino]ethanone | —— | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-[methyl-[[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]amino]ethanone | —— | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)oxy)acetamide | —— | C19H20ClNO3 |
| —— | 2-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]-N',N'-dimethylacetohydrazide | —— | C14H20N2O3 |
| —— | [(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-[4-[(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl]methanone | —— | C18H21N3O5S |
| —— | (3S)-3-[ethyl-[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C15H22N2O2 |
| —— | N-[2-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxamide | —— | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (3S)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-N-ethylpiperidin-3-amine | —— | C16H24N2O |
| —— | N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-2-(5-thiophen-3-yltetrazol-2-yl)acetamide | —— | C19H21N5O3S |
| —— | 3-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]-5-(furan-2-yl)-1,2-oxazole | —— | C21H25N3O3+2 |
| —— | 3-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2-oxazole | —— | C21H25N3O2S+2 |
| —— | 7-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]-2-ethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one | —— | C21H27N5O2S+2 |
| —— | 2-[(1R)-1-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]ethyl]-5-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C24H30N4O2+2 |
| —— | 2-[(1R)-1-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]ethyl]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C24H30N4O3+2 |
| —— | (2R)-1-(4-acetyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one | —— | C24H31N3O3 |
| —— | Phenyl 2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]ethanesulfonate | —— | C21H28N2O4S+2 |
| —— | 2-[(1R)-1-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]ethyl]-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C21H26N4O2S+2 |
| —— | 2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]-1-[2,5-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyrrol-3-yl]ethanone | —— | C23H30N6O2+2 |
| —— | 2-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C22H26N4O2+2 |
| —— | 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C22H23ClN4O2 |
| —— | 3-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2-oxazole | —— | C21H23N3O2S |
| —— | 2-[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-(1,2,5-trimethylpyrrol-3-yl)ethanone | —— | C22H29N3O2 |
| —— | Phenyl 2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonate | —— | C21H26N2O4S |
| —— | 7-[[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-8H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-5-one | —— | C20H24N4O2S+2 |
| —— | 2-[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl]ethanone | —— | C24H33N3O3 |
| —— | 2-[[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-5-(furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | —— | C20H22N4O3 |
| —— | (5S)-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethylamino)piperidin-2-one | —— | C14H18N2O2 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethylamino)piperidin-2-one | —— | C14H18N2O2 |
| —— | [(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl-[(1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl]azanium | —— | C25H36N2O3+2 |
| —— | (2R)-5-chloro-N-(5-propan-2-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C14H14ClN3O2S |
| —— | (2S)-5-chloro-N-(5-propan-2-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C14H14ClN3O2S |
| —— | (5R)-5-[[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]amino]piperidin-2-one | —— | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (5R)-5-[[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]amino]piperidin-2-one | —— | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]amino]piperidin-2-one | —— | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]amino]piperidin-2-one | —— | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (2R)-N-(5-benzylsulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H14ClN3O2S2 |
| —— | (2S)-N-(5-benzylsulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H14ClN3O2S2 |
| —— | (2S)-N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-thiophen-2-ylethanamine | —— | C23H33N3O2S |
| —— | (2R)-N-[5-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C20H18N2O2S |
| —— | [(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl-[(2R)-2-(4-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl)-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]azanium | —— | C23H36N3O2S+3 |
| —— | (2S)-N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C15H22N2O2 |
| —— | (2R)-N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C15H22N2O2 |
| —— | N-[(2R)-2-amino-3-methoxypropyl]-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxamide | —— | C14H20N2O3 |
| —— | N-[(2S)-2-amino-3-methoxypropyl]-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxamide | —— | C14H20N2O3 |
| —— | (2R)-N-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C13H18N2O3 |
| —— | (2S)-N-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C13H18N2O3 |