香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[f]chromene | 194917-76-5 | C20H18O |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-N-(mesitylmethyl)-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-61-8 | C27H27NO7 |
| —— | (1S,2S)-4-bromo-1,2-dihydro-2-nitro-1-phenylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan | 1424936-91-3 | C18H12BrNO3 |
| —— | 1-(3-piperidin-1-yl-3H-benzofuran-2-ylidenemethyl)-cyclohexanol | 1068483-12-4 | C20H27NO2 |
| —— | 2-(5-Fluoro-2-benzyloxy-1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-imidazoline Hydrochloride | 313950-92-4 | C18H17FN2O3*ClH |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(benzylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-18-4 | C24H21Cl2NOS |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-53-7 | C24H20Cl3NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-56-9 | C16H16FNO |
| —— | 2-(1-Acetoxymercury)ethyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 66865-65-4 | C13H16HgO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-chloro-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-51-8 | C16H14ClN3O |
| —— | (S)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-21-3 | C32H24BrNO5 |
| —— | 2-((5aS,9aS)-4-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide | 108275-48-5 | C16H17NO4 |
| —— | 1116108-65-6 | C18H15Cl2N3O2*ClH | |
| —— | [7-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl]-methylamine hydrochloride | 852114-52-4 | C15H13Cl2NO*ClH |
| —— | 2H,3H-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpentyl)benzofuran | 130013-37-5 | C14H19ClO2 |
| —— | 7,8-difluoro-5-iodo-6-methoxymethoxy-2-pentylchroman | 1029476-98-9 | C16H21F2IO3 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 106476-84-0 | C14H20O |
| —— | (R)-3-azido-4-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1402461-16-8 | C8H6IN3O |
| —— | 6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxamide | 1452478-22-6 | C17H15Cl2NO5S |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-chloro-7-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852113-91-8 | C15H11Cl2N3O |
| —— | trans-4-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 1443108-41-5 | C34H42N2O6 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl [(N-diethoxyphosphinyl) (N-ethyl)aminosulfenyl][methyl]carbamate | 64354-09-2 | C18H29N2O6PS |
| —— | Efaroxan hydrochloride, (S)- | 143249-99-4 | C13H17ClN2O |
| —— | 4-[(2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl)oxy]-N-hydroxybutanimidamide | 1016842-51-5 | C14H20N2O3 |
| —— | 4-bromo-2,8-dimethyl-5a,10b-dihydrobenzofuro[2,3-b]benzofuran | 1265631-49-9 | C16H13BrO2 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-2-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1239588-38-5 | C17H22O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-81-3 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | 73444-72-1 | C10H11ClO2 | |
| —— | [(4S)-4-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-4-methylchromen-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1134203-09-0 | C19H24O3 |
| —— | 4-{[3-(8-methoxy-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}morpholine | 1514898-75-9 | C17H19N3O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-27-8 | C16H15N3O |
| —— | 2-(Diethylamino)-3-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-ol-(5) | 1623-78-5 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | 1,3-dihydro-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-methyl-7-hydroxy-furo-(3,4-c)-pyridine | 94104-92-4 | C22H21NO3 |
| —— | 10a-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-fluoro-6,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-5aH-benzo[b]cyclohepta[d]furan | 1147714-38-2 | C26H25FO2 |
| —— | 1-methylsulfonyl-4-[2-(1-propylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine | 1346529-22-3 | C22H32N2O5S2 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-07-4 | C14H19N3O2 |
| —— | 5,7-ditert-butyl-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1284257-25-5 | C23H28O3 |
| —— | ethyl (2E)-3-(5-(formylamino)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-2-propenoate | 1206733-85-8 | C25H29NO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-(5-chloro-2-methyl-7-thien-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methylamine | 852125-90-7 | C14H14ClNOS |
| —— | 3-(8-methoxy-4H-chromen-3-yl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | 1514898-85-1 | C17H19N3O3 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-((S)-3-methylchroman-4-yl)methanol | 1370613-10-7 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-14-3 | C13H17N3O |
| —— | (+/-)-1-[4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852126-16-0 | C17H19NO |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 2137783-22-1 | C9H12ClNO |
| —— | {(3S)-6-[(1R)-4-(1-methoxy-1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl)-indan-1-yloxy]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl}-acetic acid methyl ester | 1380389-59-2 | C27H34O5 |
| —— | trans-4-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-ethyl-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 1443020-52-7 | C33H42N2O6 |
| —— | 1253849-93-2 | C17H14Br2O2 | |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-fluoro-7-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-42-6 | C17H18FNO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-[4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | 852111-87-6 | C16H17NO |
| —— | 7-(3-Aethoxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxo-propyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-cumaran | 93007-07-9 | C16H18O6 |