香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-Formylamino-2-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 142873-73-2 | C14H19NO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl {2-[(5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)amino]ethyl}carbamate | 1309752-65-5 | C15H23N3O3 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(2-aminophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258399-27-7 | C27H24F3N3O5 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran | 6956-76-9 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzofuran | 118112-01-9 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 2-Chloro-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethan-1-one | 64089-35-6 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | Ethyl 7-bromo-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylate | 195873-90-6 | C17H13BrO4 |
| —— | Methyl 3-amino-2-[(5-bromo-2-methoxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)amino]benzoate | 261351-30-8 | C23H21BrN2O4 |
| —— | Methyl 3-amino-2-[(2-methoxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)amino]benzoate | 261351-29-5 | C23H22N2O4 |
| —— | Methyl 2-[(2-methoxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)amino]-3-nitrobenzoate | 261351-28-4 | C23H20N2O6 |
| —— | 5a-morpholin-4-yl-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-ol | 5207-24-9 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | 1-[(5aS,9aR)-2-hydroxy-5a-morpholin-4-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzofuran-1-yl]propan-1-one | 93574-30-2 | C19H25NO4 |
| —— | diethyl 6-(tert-butoxy)-3-hydroxybenzofuran-2,2(3H)dicarboxylate | 1400892-33-2 | C18H24O7 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3a,8b-dihydrofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-8-ol | 412338-95-5 | C11H10O4 |
| —— | diethyl 3-hydroxy-7-methoxyisobenzofuran-1,1(3H)dicarboxylate | 591764-08-8 | C15H18O7 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-chlorobenzofurane-2-carboxylic acid | 230293-44-4 | C10H9ClO3 |
| —— | ethyl (2S,3S)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 142143-48-4 | C12H13ClO4 |
| —— | 7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ol | 1202577-69-2 | C9H7F3O2 |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-3-methylen-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 28397-67-3 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | N-methoxy-N-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 1037763-65-7 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | 1213380-80-3 | C8H8ClNO |
| —— | (5-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-yl)methyl azide | 478375-00-7 | C9H8BrN3O |
| —— | methyl (3S)-3-ethoxy-3-(4-{[(3S)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]oxy}phenyl)propanoate | 1202578-10-6 | C21H21F3O5 |
| —— | (3R)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ol | 1202578-09-3 | C9H7F3O2 |
| —— | Methyl (3S)-3-ethoxy-3-(4-{[7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]oxy}phenyl)propionate | 1202577-70-5 | C21H21F3O5 |
| —— | trans-2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeure | 103986-71-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeure | 103986-71-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | cis-2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeure | 103986-71-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeuremethylester | 133844-97-0 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 2,2-diethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ol | 61530-06-1 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-[(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)methylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1204570-75-1 | C17H21O5P |
| —— | (3E)-3-benzylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1204570-84-2 | C18H16O2 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-[(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)methylidene]-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1204570-78-4 | C18H23O5P |
| —— | 2,2,4-trimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 71472-67-8 | C11H14O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 251562-71-7 | C9H7F3O4S |
| —— | (R)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-3-(amino)pyrrolidine | 319478-28-9 | C12H16N2O |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydro-2-benzofuryl)propanoic acid | 84768-03-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | N-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentanamine | 1273910-49-8 | C16H23NO |
| —— | N-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]butan-1-amine | 1271633-17-0 | C15H23NO |
| —— | N-cycloheptyl-N-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)-3,4dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide | 1342891-35-3 | C18H27NO |
| —— | 3-benzyl-1-((5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide | 1311989-53-3 | Br*C19H18ClN2O |
| —— | N-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)benzenamine | 947972-24-9 | C17H19NO |
| —— | 1-((5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole | 1311989-75-9 | C14H15ClN2O |
| —— | 3-allyl-1-((5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide | 1311989-51-1 | Br*C15H16ClN2O |
| —— | 3-(2-bromobenzyl)-1-((5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide | 1311989-52-2 | Br*C19H17BrClN2O |
| —— | 2-(azidomethyl)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1311989-99-7 | C9H8ClN3O |
| —— | (+/-)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 312608-45-0 | C9H9ClO2 |
| —— | 1-[(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine | 1177477-62-1 | C13H17ClN2O |
| —— | 2-chloro-1-[4-[(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethan-1-one | 1610696-22-4 | C15H18Cl2N2O2 |
| —— | 1-[(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)carbonyl]piperazine | 1610696-25-7 | C13H15ClN2O2 |