香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | C-{(1R,2R)-2-[(R)-2-(4-Phenyl-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl]-cyclopropyl}-methylamine | 532400-28-5 | C22H27NO |
| —— | 3β-hydroxyaplysin | 885328-74-5 | C15H19BrO2 |
| —— | (R)-N-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl)tert-butylsulfinamide | 1574474-96-6 | C19H23NO3S |
| —— | (2R,3S)-methyl 6-methyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1267588-17-9 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 1378521-92-6 | C13H16O3 | |
| —— | Acetic acid 6,7-dichloro-4-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 113730-14-6 | C11H9Cl2NO5 |
| —— | 6-(2-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2,4-dihydrochromene-3,4'-5H-1,3-oxazole]-2'-amine | 1221161-64-3 | C18H18N2O3 |
| —— | WB 4265 | 26244-56-4 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | 6-propyl-2-(carbethoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranol | 139201-72-2 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | 3-bromo-2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(methoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-ol | 1191071-24-5 | C24H19BrF2O4 |
| —— | 2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-benzyloxy-6-methoxy-furo<2,3-b>benzofuran | 95020-23-8 | C18H16O5 |
| —— | 5-Methylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 929202-08-4 | C10H11NO5S |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-{2-[4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 105978-91-4 | C14H9Cl2NO5S |
| —— | 2-(acetoxymethyl)-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 90247-20-4 | C11H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | 3-Dimethylamino-7-methyl-cumaran | 669-54-5 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 5,7-ditert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 75869-38-4 | C22H25ClO2 |
| —— | 3-<3-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 95280-31-2 | C17H16O3 |
| —— | 955938-73-5 | C19H20F3NO6 | |
| —— | (3a'R,9'R,9a'S,9b'S)-9'-[(cyclopropylmethyl)amino]-5'-methoxy-1',2',3a',8',9',9b'-hexahydro-9'a'H-spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,3'-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan]-9a'-ol | 1207287-15-7 | C21H27NO5 |
| —— | 2-(7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-propionitrile | 57899-21-5 | C13H14ClNO |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-3-oxo-7,9b-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 93005-80-2 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ylmethyl acetate | 103969-29-5 | C13H15Cl2NO5S |
| —— | 6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxamide | 1452478-18-0 | C16H13Cl2NO3 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1443020-87-8 | C31H38N2O7 |
| —— | (R)-4,6-Dimethoxy-2-((R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 112890-02-5 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (3,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methanol | 1012070-16-4 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (NE)-N-[(1S,6R,13R)-16,17-dimethoxy-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,7,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.03,11.04,8.014,19]henicosa-3(11),4(8),9,14,16,18-hexaen-12-ylidene]hydroxylamine | 1111827-90-7 | C23H23NO6 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-[(E)-3-(2,2-diethoxy-ethylamino)-3-methylsulfanyl-acryloyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126200-94-0 | C23H31Cl2NO6S |
| —— | 1245516-66-8 | C21H26N2O4S | |
| —— | 1-((2R,3R,4R)-2-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-4-(nitromethyl)chroman-3-yl)ethanone | 1627214-27-0 | C15H19NO4S |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-acetamide | 1048960-09-3 | C24H33N3O2S |
| —— | 1639236-86-4 | C10H12O3 | |
| —— | N-benzyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-36-1 | C27H31NO |
| —— | Acetic acid 6,7-dichloro-5-sulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 103969-30-8 | C11H11Cl2NO5S |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-acetamide | 1048960-11-7 | C24H31N3O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}propan-1-amine | 852121-94-9 | C18H18Cl2FNO |
| —— | (6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone | 1452478-17-9 | C20H19Cl2NO3 |
| —— | 2-Ethenyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 936734-85-9 | C10H9NO3 |
| —— | 2-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-acetamide | 1048959-32-5 | C22H29ClN4O2 |
| —— | Benzoxetan-2-spiro-2'-hexahydropyrimidin | 36023-19-5 | C10H12N2O |
| —— | 3,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 41910-92-3 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-2,2,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 1313913-88-0 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 3-phenoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1569356-43-9 | C14H12O2 |
| —— | 5-Iodo-4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1154740-63-2 | C9H9IO |
| —— | N-[(1S)-2-({6-[6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]pyridin-3-yl}oxy)-1-methylethyl]acetamide | 1380066-93-2 | C22H26N2O4 |
| —— | 2-Acetoxyspiro<benzofuran-3(2H),1'-cyclohexane> | 86728-20-3 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid [4-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-amide | 15850-52-9 | C20H18N2O3S |
| —— | 3,9-Dimethoxy-cyanomacluran | 14432-45-2 | C17H16O4 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-{2-[3,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 126200-77-9 | C16H13Cl2NO5S |
| —— | 7-((2-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde | 1228582-07-7 | C18H16O4 |