香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,6-Dimethoxy-2'-methyl-gris-2',5'-dien-3,4'-dion | 4650-77-5 | C16H14O5 |
| —— | 2-Isopropyl-6-methyl-cumaron | 774-83-4 | C12H16O |
| —— | 2-ethylhexyl 3-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]thio}propanoate | 1156468-88-0 | C20H27F3O3S |
| —— | 1346016-04-3 | C23H19N5O3S2 | |
| —— | ethyl 7-[2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-5-dimethylaminobenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoate | 149245-55-6 | C23H35NO5 |
| —— | 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-9-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-e]isoquinolin-4[7aH]-one | 75611-21-1 | C20H21NO3 |
| —— | 2-methylidene-5-nitro-3H-1-benzofuran-3-ol | 1384475-80-2 | C9H7NO4 |
| —— | 2,2'-((1R,4S,4aR,9bS)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-methoxy-4,4a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1,9b(1H)-diyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) | 1440947-88-5 | C23H36O5Si |
| —— | 3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid | 1537587-70-4 | C10H10O3 |
| —— | 2-deuterio-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 58401-11-9 | C10H12O |
| —— | 1,3,4,8,9,11-hexamethyl-6,12-methano-12H-dibenzo[d,g][1,3]dioxocin-2,10-diol | 449732-84-7 | C21H24O4 |
| —— | 3-{6-[(2-chloro-5-cyclopropylphenyl)methoxy]-2H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl}propanoic acid hydrochloride | 1355084-61-5 | C25H28ClNO4*ClH |
| —— | ethyl 2-[(3E)-3-ethylidene-1-benzofuran-2-yl]acetate | 1440969-21-0 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-(5-bromo-4-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)carbamate | 1309356-81-7 | C16H22BrNO4 |
| —— | 5-bromo-6-(methylthio)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1102467-21-9 | C9H9BrOS |
| —— | methyl 5-chloro-c-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-r-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 142143-64-4 | C11H11ClO4 |
| —— | 7-isopropyl-3-phenyldihydrobenzofuran | 134268-02-3 | C17H18O |
| —— | 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 1258851-20-5 | C10H9F3O4S |
| —— | (4-cyano-3-methylisochroman-1-yl)acetamide | 180507-88-4 | C13H14N2O2 |
| —— | 1-((2R,3S)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-(nitromethyl)benzofuran-2-yl)ethanone | 1384976-42-4 | C11H10ClNO4 |
| —— | 2a-(3-Acetoxyphenyl)-2a,7b-dihydro-7b-methyl-1,2-dioxeto<3,4-b>benzofuran | 145723-27-9 | C17H14O5 |
| —— | [2-(cyclopentylhydroxyphenylmethyl)oxazol-5-ylmethyl]-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromide | 1046819-54-8 | Br*C28H35N2O3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-5-trifluoracetoxy-7-tert.-butyl-cumaran | 17075-84-2 | C16H19F3O3 |
| —— | 7-cyano 2,3,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 134402-05-4 | C12H13NO |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[2,3-b]furan-7-yl acetate | 791064-02-3 | C13H13F3O3 |
| —— | (R)-2-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)((R)-1-(4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)methyl)-2H-chromen-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 1451373-98-0 | C25H27F4NO7S |
| —— | tert-butyl 4-(6-{5-[(1E)-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-thienyl}-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1200575-03-6 | C29H36N2O6S |
| —— | 2,3,3a,8a-Tetrahydro-2-oxo-6-acetoxy-4-methoxy-furo<2,3-b>benzofuran | 17878-80-7 | C13H12O6 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-(R)-3-(S)-2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl-3-hydroxy-propenyl)-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 54443-30-0 | C18H20O5 |
| —— | N-(2,3-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-benzofuranyl)-N-methylpropanamide | 68787-89-3 | C14H19NO3 |
| —— | 7-cyano-2.2.5.trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 134402-10-1 | C12H13NO |
| —— | 5,7-di(2-cyclohexenyl)-2,3-cyclohexano-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 98401-26-4 | C24H30O |
| —— | 2-(Aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 944447-76-1 | C9H12N2O |
| —— | (2R,6aR,12aS)-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one O-(4-(chloromethyl)benzyl) oxime | 1076247-17-0 | C31H30ClNO6 |
| —— | 2-(5-acetoxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-propan-2-ol | 25696-96-2 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 3-[5-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]propanol | 149245-59-0 | C23H31NO2 |
| —— | (4R)-7-chloro-2-(fluoromethyl)-2-methylchroman-4-amine hydrochloride | 1221444-97-8 | C11H13ClFNO*ClH |
| —— | 2.3-Dihydro-benzofuran-carbonsaeure-(2)-aethylamid | 121159-63-5 | C11H13NO2 |
| —— | 9,9',2,2'-tetra-tert-butyl-[1,1](4,7)[5a,10b]dihydrobenzofuro[2,3-b]benzofuranophane | 889131-81-1 | C46H52O4 |
| —— | 4-Propionyloxy-3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-p-tolyl-chroman | 95132-54-0 | C22H27NO3 |
| —— | methyl 5-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylate | 856679-41-9 | C16H14O5S |
| —— | 7-Chlor-cumaran-3-on-semicarbazon | 3260-95-5 | C9H8ClN3O2 |
| —— | 3,3-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 137605-07-3 | C23H20O4 |
| —— | 7-cyclohexylmethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-[(1S,2S)-3-hydroxy-1,2-methano-1-methyl-propyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 623176-29-4 | C22H32O2 |
| —— | 8,9-Dichloro-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin-5-ol | 157986-38-4 | C17H17Cl2NO2 |
| —— | cyclohexyl((6S,11S,12R)-8,9-dimethoxy-11,12-dihydro-6H-6,12-methanodibenzo[b,f]oxocin-11-yl)methanone | 1447951-79-2 | C25H28O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3-methylene-2-methylbenzo<b>furan-2-ol | 135831-62-8 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5a,10b-dihydrobenzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 81016-10-6 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | N-(2-((3S)-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)ethyl)propanamide | 1452477-18-7 | C20H21Cl2NO3 |
| —— | 3-[5-benzylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzo-[b]furan-7-yl]propanol | 149245-58-9 | C22H29NO2 |