香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-2-<2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl>-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)benzofuran | 138854-61-2 | C34H35ClO3 |
| —— | 2-methoxy-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-phenylboronic acid | 270588-44-8 | C15H13BO5 |
| —— | 6-allyl-5-(benzyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxybenzofuran | 138854-55-4 | C21H24O3 |
| —— | 3-(3-bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 270588-43-7 | C15H11BrO3 |
| —— | 2(S)-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-3-[3-(3-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester | 267651-27-4 | C22H19BrCl3NO7 |
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxybenzofuran | 138854-56-5 | C21H26O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxy-5-benzofuranol | 13380-24-0 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxy-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)benzofuran | 138854-58-7 | C27H30O4 |
| —— | 6-allyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxy-5-benzofuranol | 138854-54-3 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 2-<2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl>-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-5-benzofuranol | 138854-05-4 | C27H29ClO3 |
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-6-(3-bromopropyl)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxybenzofuran | 138854-57-6 | C21H25BrO3 |
| —— | 2a,7b-dihydro-2a-methyl-7b-phenyl-1,2-dioxeto<3,4-b>benzofuran | 156363-82-5 | C15H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,8bS)-3a,8b-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran | 199010-78-1 | C11H10O |
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7-Octamethyl-1-benzofuran | 74725-19-2 | C16H24O |
| —— | 2,3-Epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethylbenzo<b>furan | 131588-87-9 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | (R)-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 1380792-93-7 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 2,2,3-Trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-3-benzofuranol | 137556-67-3 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 2-tert-Butyl-5-[7-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxy-benzofuran-(3Z)-ylidene]-2,5-dihydro-furan-3,4-diol | 121816-93-1 | C22H30O7 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-7-benzofurancarboxylic acid | 150395-44-1 | C12H14O5S |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-amino-7-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 1089187-72-3 | C13H19NO3 |
| —— | 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-4-ylboronic acid | 159020-71-0 | C10H12BClO3 |
| —— | 2-azidomethyl-7-bromo-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 883143-59-7 | C9H7BrClN3O |
| —— | 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 54410-96-7 | C9H9ClO |
| —— | 5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-amine | 150805-90-6 | C8H8ClNO |
| —— | (2-azidomethyl-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-yl)boronic acid | 883143-62-2 | C9H9BClN3O3 |
| —— | (-)-3a,8b-Dihydro-3,3a,6,8b-tetramethyl-1H-cyclopenta<b>benzofuran | 73307-78-5 | C15H18O |
| —— | debromoaplysin | 23444-68-0 | C15H20O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzofuran | 13391-29-2 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | 893638-25-0 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylate | 857020-78-1 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid | 123656-34-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzofuran | 194787-53-6 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzofuran | 194787-55-8 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | 1-[2-[[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl]amino]ethyl]-3-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]thiourea | 869735-86-4 | C29H43N3O5S2 |
| —— | N-[1-[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl]-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | 869735-92-2 | C29H41N3O5S |
| —— | 7-(2',4'-Dimethyl-[4,5']bithiazolyl-2-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-sulfonic acid amide | 1377579-43-5 | C16H16N4O3S3 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(2-amino-5-fluorophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258399-30-2 | C27H23F4N3O5 |
| —— | 1-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]-3-phenylthiourea | 1028559-84-3 | C20H24N2O3S2 |
| —— | ethyl (2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1433062-59-9 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 190452-78-9 | C12H14O |
| —— | ethyl (2S)-2-methyl-7-trimethylsilyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 1433062-41-9 | C15H22O3Si |
| —— | 6-allyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methyl-5-benzofuranol | 138854-40-7 | C20H22O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methyl-6-propyl-5-benzofuranol | 139201-24-4 | C20H24O3 |
| —— | 5-(allyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbenzofuran | 138854-39-4 | C20H22O3 |
| —— | ethyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylate | 93670-11-2 | C11H11BrO3 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 93670-10-1 | C9H7BrO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxy-4-methoxybenzofuran | 150969-65-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzofuran | 3698-49-5 | C12H16O |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)pyrrolidine | 1569356-41-7 | C12H15NO |
| —— | 3-(phenylthio)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1569356-48-4 | C14H12OS |