香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | cis-2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-3-benzofuranol | 137556-58-2 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | 2-(7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole | 93854-89-8 | C11H11ClN2O |
| —— | 1-methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-3,3,4,4-tetracarbonitrile | 138552-64-4 | C17H10N4O |
| —— | (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methylboronic acid | 1618107-91-7 | C9H11BO3 |
| —— | N-(6-chloro-4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | 1083168-81-3 | C18H17ClN2O2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5a-morpholino-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofurane | 94420-49-2 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | (+)-(3aR,8bR)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-3a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-cyclopenta<b>benzofuran-7-ol | 224446-60-0 | C19H20O4 |
| —— | (+)-2,3,3aR,8aS-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy[2,3-d]-benzo[b]furan | 292824-30-7 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | (-)-cis-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-2,3,3aS,8aR-tetrahydro-6-methoxy[2,3-d]-benzo[b]furan-4-carboxaldehyde | 865811-99-0 | C13H11F3O7S |
| —— | 7-bromo-5-isobutyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 500165-21-9 | C14H19BrO |
| —— | 2-octylcoumaran-5-boronic acid | 160310-89-4 | C16H25BO3 |
| —— | 5-isobutyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-boronic acid | 500165-20-8 | C14H21BO3 |
| —— | 7-carboxy-5-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 149640-09-5 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | (S)-(-)-N-<(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl>-5-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 149109-07-9 | C19H28N2O5S |
| —— | (S)-(-)-N-<(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl>-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 149109-06-8 | C18H26N2O3 |
| —— | 7-carboxy-5-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 108551-59-3 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-<3-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl>-2-benzofuranmethanol hydrochloride | 95250-11-6 | C17H17Cl2NO3*ClH |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 95250-16-1 | C18H16Cl2O4 |
| —— | ethyl 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-<3-<(chloroacetamido)methyl>-4-hydroxybenzyl>-2-benzofurancarboxylate | 95250-07-0 | C21H20Cl3NO5 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-<3-<(chloroacetamido)methyl>-4-hydroxybenzyl>-2-benzofuranmethanol | 95250-17-2 | C19H18Cl3NO4 |
| —— | ethyl 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-<3-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl>-2-benzofurancarboxylate hydrochloride | 95250-09-2 | C19H19Cl2NO4*ClH |
| —— | 9-methoxy-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-e]isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 877037-96-2 | C19H23NO4 |
| —— | 2-(2,5-dimethylphenylimino)-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1224234-77-8 | C22H18N2O |
| —— | tert-butyl (3S)-3-(2-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)propanoate | 494841-85-9 | C20H22ClNO3 |
| —— | (3S)-3-(2-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)propanoic acid | 494841-83-7 | C16H14ClNO3 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-thienylmethyl)-2-benzofurancarboxylic acid | 73903-65-8 | C14H10Cl2O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-2-benzofurancarboxylic acid | 67287-20-1 | C14H8Cl2O4S |
| —— | Ethyl 6,7-dichloro-5-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 77886-76-1 | C16H12Cl2O4S |
| —— | 2-(5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-ethyl azide | 328125-32-2 | C11H10N4O |
| —— | O-Allyl-N-[2-(5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-ethyl]-carbamate | 328125-31-1 | C15H16N2O3 |
| —— | ethyl (2S,3S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl-prop-2-enoxycarbonylamino]-6-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 957918-77-3 | C26H30BrNO8 |
| —— | (-)-2-isopropyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 91969-36-7 | C11H14O |
| —— | 3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-1',4,6,7-tetramethylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H),4'-piperidine]-5-ol | 216989-68-3 | C25H33NO2 |
| —— | methyl 3-[butyl-[N'-butyl-N-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]propanoate | 1028559-97-8 | C26H43N3O5S |
| —— | 1-butyl-3-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]thiourea | 1028559-80-9 | C18H28N2O3S2 |
| —— | methyl 3-[[N'-benzyl-N-[(2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)sulfonyl]carbamimidoyl]-butylamino]propanoate | 1028560-07-7 | C29H41N3O5S |
| —— | (+/-)-N-{[5-chloro-7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}cyclobutanamine | 852122-26-0 | C21H24ClNO |
| —— | (7-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-acetonitrile | 872518-62-2 | C17H15NO |
| —— | 5'-bromo-4-methoxy-5"-methyldispiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-[1]benzofuran-3',2"-imidazole]-4"(3"H)-thione | 1383985-84-9 | C17H19BrN2O2S |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-6-(3-bromopropoxy)-5-benzofuranol methoxymethyl ether | 119795-20-9 | C13H17BrO4 |
| —— | 4-<3-<(2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-benzofuranyl)oxy>propoxy>benzeneacetic acid methyl ester methoxymethyl ether | 119795-30-1 | C22H26O7 |
| —— | (Z)-2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1008105-79-0 | C15H12O2 |
| —— | methyl 2,2-bis(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetate | 1070671-42-9 | C19H18O4 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-N-hydroxyacetamide | 1070673-84-5 | C18H17NO4 |
| —— | 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitro-6-benzofurancarboxaldehyde | 88062-18-4 | C10H8ClNO5 |
| —— | (E)-3-butylidene-2-(ethoxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1227290-80-3 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (Z)-3-butylidene-2-(ethoxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1227290-91-6 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 2-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 127229-99-6 | C14H18O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-7-benzofuranacetic acid | 42435-28-9 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 5-(3,3,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[3,4-b]furan-5-yl)pyrazine-2-ylamine | 1345120-60-6 | C15H17N3O |