香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3R)-7-[(2-aminophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | —— | C27H24F3N3O5 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(2-amino-3,5-difluorophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | —— | C27H22F5N3O5 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(6-amino-2,3-difluorophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | —— | C27H22F5N3O5 |
| —— | (5S,6R,7R)-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)-7-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-2-(sopropylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid | —— | C28H30N2O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl [2,3-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6,7-tetramethylbenzofuran-5-yl]carbamate | —— | C19H29NO4 |
| —— | 3-chloro-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-propan-1-one | —— | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-[E-2'-(5''-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3''-yl)ethenyl]-7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylbenzofuran | —— | C20H26N2O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2-[(1-piperazinyl)methyl]-5-benzofuranamine | —— | C17H27N3O |
| —— | 7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-N-pentyl-5-benzofurancarboxamide | —— | C20H31NO2 |
| —— | 2,5-Dichloro-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylbenzofuran | —— | C10H10Cl2O |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | —— | C10H11ClO |
| —— | methyl (+/-)-(5aS,9S,9aS)-(9-methoxy-7-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-yl)-2-oxoethanoate | —— | C16H16O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-(5aS,9S,9aS)-9-methoxy-7-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-carbaldehyde | —— | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-ylmethyl)cyclohexanone | —— | C17H22O2 |
| —— | 4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ylmethyl)cyclohexanone | —— | C15H14F4O2 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-5-yl)-1-cyclohexanone | —— | C16H20O2 |
| —— | 1,2,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydro-3aH-benzofuro<4,3a-b>benzofuran | —— | C14H16O2 |
| —— | N5-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N7,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5,7-dicarboxaminde | —— | C21H24N2O4 |
| —— | 7-bromo-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1432609-54-5 | C8H6BrFO |
| —— | methyl [(3S)-6-{[(3S)-7-(pyridin-3-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl](trifluoroacetyl)amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetate | —— | C26H22F3N3O5 |
| —— | cis-1,3,4-Tri-(methyl)-5a,8,9,9a-tetra-(hydro)-dibenzofurane-2-ol | —— | C15H16O2 |
| —— | cis-1,3-Di-(methoxy)-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexa-(hydro)-dibenzofurane-2-ol | —— | C14H14O4 |
| —— | methyl 2,2,3,6,6,7-hexamethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrofurano[2',3'-3,2]benzo[5,6-b]furan-4-carboxylate | —— | C18H24O4 |
| —— | 8-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan | —— | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)ethan-1-ol | —— | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2-iodomethyl-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C13H17IO |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)ethanol | —— | C10H12O2 |
| —— | (+)-2,3,3aR,8aS-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-[2,3-d]-benzo[b]furan | —— | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)benzofuran | —— | C14H17BrO |
| —— | 3-(3-chlorobut-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C12H13ClO |
| —— | 2-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-benzofuranyl)-5-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one | —— | C12H12ClN3O2 |
| —— | 2-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-benzofuranyl)-4-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one | —— | C13H12ClF2N3O2 |
| —— | 1-[2-benzofuran-(3E)-ylidenemethyl-allyl]-piperidine | —— | C17H21NO |
| —— | {1-[2-benzofuran-(3E)-ylidenemethyl-allyl]-piperidin-2-yl}-methanol | —— | C17H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-5-methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | —— | C10H12O3S |
| —— | 3-(3-chloroallyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | —— | C11H11ClO |
| —— | PCM-0103020 | 1182992-49-9 | C11H12ClNO2 |
| —— | methyl 3-(7-tert-butyl-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)propanoate | —— | C24H28O4 |
| —— | methyl 3-(7-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)propanoate | —— | C24H28O4 |
| —— | (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 2135600-87-0 | C9H10FNO*ClH |
| —— | (3-(1,1-dimethylpentyl)-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-1-yloxy)-propane-1,2-diol | —— | C22H34O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-3-propylbenzofuran-2,5-diol | —— | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 4,6-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-3-isopropylbenzofuran-2,5-diol | —— | C11H12Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-4-(3-phenoxypropyl)-5-benzofuranol | —— | C17H18O3 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-amine | —— | C10H12BrNO |
| —— | rac-ethyl 3-((2R,3S)-2-cyclopropyl-3-phenyl-7-(3-(p-tolyl)ureido)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)butanoate | —— | C31H34N2O4 |
| —— | 5-bromo-3,3,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | —— | C11H13BrO |
| —— | 7-(3-isopropylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran | —— | C16H25NO3 |
| —— | 7-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran | —— | C17H27NO3 |
| —— | 7-[3-(1-methyl)propylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy]-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran | —— | C17H27NO3 |