香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 7-tert-butyl-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofurancarboxamide | 212848-89-0 | C18H25NO2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzofuran | 75097-66-4 | C10H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2-(3,3-dimethyl-2H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1154741-01-1 | C16H23BO3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)ethanol | 108695-28-9 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-boronic acid | 459423-19-9 | C10H13BO3 |
| —— | 7-ethoxycarbonyl-5-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 149109-04-6 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 7-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 149640-10-8 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 7-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 149640-11-9 | C18H24O5 |
| —— | 3-(4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl)-1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyluracil | 164915-18-8 | C16H14ClF3N2O3 |
| —— | 4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-nitrobenzofuran | 164915-29-1 | C10H10ClNO3 |
| —— | 4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl isocyanate | 164915-31-5 | C11H10ClNO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyltelluro)methylbenzofuran | 113345-19-0 | C17H18O2Te |
| —— | 2-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid | 1206912-64-2 | C16H10O6 |
| —— | methyl (5-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)(oxo)acetate | 1206912-63-1 | C17H12O6 |
| —— | (+)-{[7-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852112-46-0 | C16H16ClNO |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-5-(4-methylthiobenzyloxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 216989-23-0 | C30H36O2S |
| —— | (2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-phenyl-amine | 84248-69-1 | C15H15NO |
| —— | Acetic acid 4-acetoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl ester | 444711-08-4 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | (+)-{[5-chloro-7-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-02-2 | C15H12ClF2NO |
| —— | methyl 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate | 885681-75-4 | C10H9ClO3 |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1227153-81-2 | C11H13BrO2 |
| —— | methyl 3-(7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoate | 1227153-80-1 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | dihydrofuro-3a-methoxy<2,3b>benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 126680-42-0 | C11H10O4 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-methylbutanal | 609807-54-7 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)pyridine | 1372790-99-2 | C13H11NO |
| —— | Acetic acid 1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-vinyl ester | 125812-16-0 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 3-ethoxy-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 62231-08-7 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | methanesulfonic acid 7-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 872518-61-1 | C17H18O4S |
| —— | 2-isopropenyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 91301-22-3 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-4,6-dimethyl-2-phenylsulfanylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 126734-06-3 | C17H17ClOS |
| —— | 4,6-dimethyl-2-(phenylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 126707-92-4 | C17H18OS |
| —— | 2,4,6,7-Tetramethyl-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 142874-89-3 | C16H25NO |
| —— | 2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-2,4,6,7-tetramethylbenzofuran | 142874-83-7 | C13H17BrO |
| —— | N,N-Dimethyl-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ylacetamide | 142874-87-1 | C16H23NO2 |
| —— | 2-cyanomethyl-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 142902-35-0 | C14H17NO |
| —— | 2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl acetic acid | 142874-86-0 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | Dimethyl-[2-(2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-ethyl]-amine | 142874-79-1 | C16H24N2O3 |
| —— | 2,4,6,7-Tetramethyl-5-nitro-2-(2-piperidinoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 142874-80-4 | C19H28N2O3 |
| —— | 2,4,6,7-Tetramethyl-2-(2-piperidinoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 142874-90-6 | C19H29NO |
| —— | 4-chloro-2-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 945001-87-6 | C16H13ClN4O |
| —— | 2-(5-cyano-2-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)pyrimidin-4-ylthio)acetamide | 945001-88-7 | C18H17N5O2S |
| —— | 2-Allyl-3-phenyl-benzofuranon-(2) | 116465-79-3 | C17H14O2 |
| —— | 2-(methylsulphonylmethyl)-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-78-3 | C10H11NO5S |
| —— | 2-(methylsulphonylmethyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-76-1 | C11H14O3S |
| —— | methyl 7-[5-amino-6-(t-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate | 149245-90-9 | C22H35NO5 |
| —— | methyl 7-[5-amino-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate | 149245-15-8 | C20H31NO5 |
| —— | 5-benzyloxy-3-(2,3-dibromo-propyl)-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 55395-73-8 | C24H20Br2O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-2-<(phenyltelluro)methyl>benzofuran | 122823-58-9 | C16H16OTe |
| —— | 5-Dimethylsulfamoyl-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 113711-66-3 | C15H21NO5S |
| —— | (+/-)2,3-dihydro-6,7-dimethyl-5-(2-thenoyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 77886-62-5 | C16H14O4S |