香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6,11-Epoxy-1-methyl-6,11-bis(4-methylphenyl)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo<b,f><1,4>dioxocin | 62422-99-5 | C29H24O3 |
| —— | 6,11-Epoxy-2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-6,11-diphenyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo<b,f><1,4>dioxocin | 62423-02-3 | C30H26O3 |
| —— | N-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-4-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]piperazine-1-carboxamide | 1313036-13-3 | C19H19ClF3N5O2 |
| —— | 2'-amino-6-cyclohexyl-1',3,3-trimethylspiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazol]-5'(1'H)-one | 1311261-08-1 | C20H27N3O2 |
| —— | 10-ethoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,6-methano-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-benzoxocin | 78345-27-4 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (9-methyl-4-oxo-2-pyrimidin-4-yl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl)-amide | 1036716-33-2 | C24H25N5O3 |
| —— | 6-(3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-2H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-4(3H)-one | 1467082-32-1 | C15H14BrNO3 |
| —— | Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amide | 62035-41-0 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | Cyclopropylmethyl-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-42-1 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [(1S,3S,5S)-2-(2-methyl-5-m-tolyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-ylmethyl]-amide | 1112138-94-9 | C29H31N3O3S |
| —— | (4aS,9bS)-8-Bromo-9b-methyl-1,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-2H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 137359-76-3 | C13H13BrO2 |
| —— | 1-(3-amino-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)-3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)urea | 1589538-60-2 | C15H14N6O2 |
| —— | 2'-amino-6-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3,3-difluoro-1',2,2-trimethylspiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazol]-5'(1'H)-one | 1311261-76-3 | C21H19F4N3O3 |
| —— | (S)-[3-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol | 1034919-08-8 | C14H16N2O2 |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-propyl-amine | 62035-50-1 | C13H19NO2 |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-((E)-3-phenyl-allyl)-amine | 40547-93-1 | C19H21NO2 |
| —— | 5-(4-((7-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxyisothiazole 1-oxide | 1404228-62-1 | C17H12BrNO4S |
| —— | [(Z)-1-benzofuran-3-ylidenemethyl]-trimethylsilane | 1391970-55-0 | C12H16OSi |
| —— | 4-(2,10-dichloro-dibenzo[<i>d</i>,<i>g</i>][1,3]dioxocine-6-carbonyl)-morpholine | 40679-26-3 | C19H17Cl2NO4 |
| —— | 3-(8-methoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;5,4-b']difuran-4-yl)propionic acid | 920515-66-8 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 2-{[2-(4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-6-oxa-3-thia-1-aza-benzo[e]azulen-8-ylmethyl]-amino}-ethanol | 1282524-14-4 | C19H23N5O2S |
| —— | Benzyl-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 57024-01-8 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | 3-[1-Iodo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 107616-49-9 | C9H7IO |
| —— | (6aS,12aS,5'R)-6',7'-dihydro-7'-hydroxyrotenone enol acetate | 253785-47-6 | C25H26O8 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820258-73-9 | C21H26O2 |
| —— | (3-Ethoxy-propyl)-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-21-6 | C15H23NO3 |
| —— | 1-(5-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-6-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-yn-4-ol | 1562399-43-2 | C21H21ClF3N3O2 |
| —— | 6-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-7-iodo-4-methoxy-3a-<2-(trimethylsilyl)eth-1-oxy>-3a,8a-dihydro<2,3-b>benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 139220-78-3 | C19H26INO7Si |
| —— | 1-[(5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-benzofuran-7-yl)-oxy]-3-[4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-1-yl]-propan-2-ol | 1089209-67-5 | C24H28BrNO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-1-benzoxepin-4-en-3-one | 437650-90-3 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 142143-56-4 | C10H9ClO4 |
| —— | (R)-5-difluoromethyl-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazole | 1034919-47-5 | C14H14F2N2O |
| —— | 3-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzamide | 1202501-44-7 | C23H19Cl2NO3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-alpha-methyl-4-benzofuranethanamine Hydrochloride | 1203342-42-0 | C11H16ClNO |
| —— | 2,5-dimethyl-4-[2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)phenyl]-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran | 1234172-75-8 | C22H24O |
| —— | (1S,1aS,6aR)-1-(1a,6a-Dihydro-1H-6-oxa-cyclopropa[a]inden-1-yl)-methanol | 63703-28-6 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-(3-ethoxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 17793-83-8 | C15H23NO2 |
| —— | methyl 7-[5-benzylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-(propan-2-yl) benzo[b]furan-7-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate | 149245-47-6 | C29H41NO5 |
| —— | Hexyl-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-15-8 | C16H25NO2 |
| —— | (3-Benzyloxy-propyl)-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-25-0 | C20H25NO3 |
| —— | (3-Isopropoxy-propyl)-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-23-8 | C16H25NO3 |
| —— | 5,8-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-4',5'-dihydro-furo<3',2':6,7>chroman | 3394-51-2 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-[(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)methylidene]-7-iodo-2,2-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1204570-76-2 | C17H20IO5P |
| —— | 3,3a(2)-Spirobi[2H-1-benzopyran]-8,8a(2)-diol | 3749-23-3 | C17H16O4 |
| —— | 2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-vinyl-6H-furo[2,3-e]indol-7-one | 170682-73-2 | C15H17NO2 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofur-7-yloxy)-propionitril | 57927-01-2 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | (3aR,9aR)-6-chloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3,3-dimethyl-3a (1H)-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopenta[b][1]benzopyran | 164322-11-6 | C17H20ClN3O |
| —— | 75170-51-3 | C24H15FeO12 | |
| —— | Methyl 5-Ethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetate | 2070896-63-6 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-benzofuranacetaldehyde | 154954-46-8 | C14H18O3 |