香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3,6-Ditert-butyl-9-[3-(3,6-ditert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)-5a,10b-bis[4-(3,6-ditert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-8-yl]carbazole | 1224836-14-9 | C106H110N4O2 |
| —— | 3,6-Ditert-butyl-9-[3-(3,6-ditert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)-5a,10b-diphenyl-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-8-yl]carbazole | 1224836-18-3 | C66H64N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)acetonitrile | 485828-88-4 | C10H9NO |
| —— | 4-<(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran)-3-yl>butyronitrile | 119488-12-9 | C12H13NO |
| —— | (Z)-5-bromo-2-(4-methylbenzylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1262020-41-6 | C16H13BrO2 |
| —— | (Z)-2-benzylidene-5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1008105-81-4 | C15H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2,9-dibromo-5a,10b-dihydrobenzofuro[2,3-b]benzofuran | 1262238-47-0 | C14H8Br2O2 |
| —— | 7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-3-essigsaeure | 93198-73-3 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | Dimethyl 2-(2,2-difluoro-1-benzofuran-3-ylidene)propanedioate | 1446679-31-7 | C13H10F2O5 |
| —— | 2-(4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole | 89197-37-5 | C12H14N2O |
| —— | 6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 90536-01-9 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 102448-68-0 | C21H22O7 |
| —— | methyl 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 93198-70-0 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | Ethyl 2-(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)acetate | 463927-49-3 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (4-methoxyphenylthio)(methyl)carbamate | 50479-95-3 | C19H21NO4S |
| —— | isopropyl N-[[methyl[[[2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl]oxy]carbonyl]amino]thio]benzimidate | 93960-86-2 | C22H26N2O4S |
| —— | 1,2,10,11-Tetrahydro-4,6,7,11-tetramethyl-2-oxodibenzofuran | 62156-65-4 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (4-bromo-2-methylphenylthio)(methyl)carbamate | 50539-75-8 | C19H20BrNO3S |
| —— | 7-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-ol | 892406-54-1 | C16H26O3Si |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (4-bromophenylthio)(methyl)carbamate | 50539-74-7 | C18H18BrNO3S |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (4-cyanophenylthio)(methyl)carbamate | 50539-77-0 | C19H18N2O3S |
| —— | cis-2-Methyl-3-phenyldihydrobenzofuran | —— | C15H14O |
| —— | trans-2-Methyl-3-phenyldihydrobenzofuran | —— | C15H14O |
| —— | 7-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylbenzofuran | 177365-40-1 | C15H20O |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylbenzofuran | 205242-27-9 | C15H19BrO |
| —— | 2-(5-Methoxy-1-benzofuran-3-ylidene)acetonitrile | 339549-11-0 | C11H9NO2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 56821-84-2 | C11H14O |
| —— | 2-(2-ethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yloxy)-ethylamine | 928402-97-5 | C13H19NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(3-fluorophenyl)amine | 852115-08-3 | C15H15FN2O |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)amine | 852115-34-5 | C15H15FN2O |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid | 133609-87-7 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 7-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 928403-51-4 | C12H15ClO2 |
| —— | 5,7-dibromo-3,3-dimethyl-2H-1-benzofuran | 1206775-15-6 | C10H10Br2O |
| —— | 2-(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yloxy)-ethylamine | 928402-99-7 | C12H17NO2 |
| —— | (Z)-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1008105-84-7 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 2-<2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl>-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol | 138853-86-8 | C16H15ClO2 |
| —— | 2-<2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl>-2,3-dihydro-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-5-benzofuranol | 138853-90-4 | C25H25ClO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-6-<3-(4-pyridylthio)propyl>-5-benzofuranol | 139201-50-6 | C24H25NO2S |
| —— | 6-<3-(4-carboxyphenoxy)propyl>-2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5-benzofuranol | 139201-49-3 | C26H26O5 |
| —— | 4-allyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5-benzofuranol | 138853-85-7 | C19H20O2 |
| —— | 6-benzyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5-benzofuranol | 139201-59-5 | C23H22O2 |
| —— | methyl [(3S)-6-{[2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetate | 1258400-59-7 | C25H32BNO5 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-2-benzyliden-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 92496-28-1 | C15H12O2 |
| —— | (E)-2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1147869-68-8 | C15H12O2 |
| —— | 7-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyloxiranyl)ethyl]-5-methanesulfonyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 727375-18-0 | C16H19F3O4S |
| —— | 5-{7-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyloxiranyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl}pyrimidine | 849354-07-0 | C19H19F3N2O2 |
| —— | 7-{1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-oxiranyl]ethyl}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofurane | 727375-14-6 | C15H17F3O2 |
| —— | 2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydro-4-benzofuranol | 533-39-1 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | 2,2-dicarbetossi-3-idrossi-5-metil-7-dimetilamminometilcumarano | 86614-67-7 | C18H25NO6 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-chloro-7-(3-furyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl }amine | 852122-01-1 | C13H12ClNO2 |