香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-[(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]piperidine hydrochloride | 1181458-55-8 | C15H22ClNO2 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 5-((S)-((S)-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-44-0 | C32H25NO5 |
| —— | 5-bromo-3-(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820259-14-1 | C20H21BrO3 |
| —— | 4,4'-(2,6-diphenyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']difuran-2,6-diyl)-bis-morpholine | 5379-75-9 | C30H32N2O4 |
| —— | 4-Brom-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran | 40492-50-0 | C9H9BrO2 |
| —— | 10-hydroxy-epiaplysin | 885328-73-4 | C15H19BrO2 |
| —— | 3-acetoxy-3,4-dihydro-7-formyl-8-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran | 106662-57-1 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | (6aS,10aR)-9-Methyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol | 76207-31-3 | C19H26O2 |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 52259-73-1 | C9H8Cl2O |
| —— | (9aS)-8-[(1E)-N-(allyloxy)ethaneimidoyl]-N-[4-(but-2-ynyloxy)-2,3,6-trimethylbenzyl]-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-55-7 | C34H36N2O8 |
| —— | 2-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1243545-31-4 | C20H24O2 |
| —— | 3-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ol | 42856-79-1 | C16H16O4 |
| —— | 2-{[(1S)-10-phenylselanyl-4-caranylselanyl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1202554-77-5 | C25H30OSe2 |
| —— | Allyl-carbamic acid 3-allyl-4-ethoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-7-yl ester | 23241-01-2 | C18H21N3O6 |
| —— | 1-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethanol | 86767-18-2 | C16H15ClO2 |
| —— | 3-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 1443020-18-5 | C32H40N2O7 |
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-<1-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl>benzofuran | 139201-69-7 | C25H26O4 |
| —— | 9-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[g][1,4]benzodioxin-3-one | 21511-76-2 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-(6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)ethanol | 1571984-74-1 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 7-methoxy-3-<2'-methyl-2',3'-methylene-3'-(methylsulphinyl)propyl>-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 63755-78-2 | C15H20O3S |
| —— | 6a,10a-trans-9-methyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo<b,d>pyran-1-ol | 76207-29-9 | C19H26O2 |
| —— | 7-chloro-5-chloromethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 57899-14-6 | C10H10Cl2O |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)-N-(6'-methoxy-4-methyl-2,3'-bipyridin-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | 1083168-48-2 | C24H23N3O3 |
| —— | 7-Chloro-2-p-tolylsulfanylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 101041-43-4 | C16H15ClOS |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-80-5 | C21H27NO |
| —— | (S)-2-(6-hydroxy-5-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid methyl ester | 1430232-70-4 | C11H11IO4 |
| —— | (7-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-ethoxy-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-methanol | 1192852-26-8 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | (-)-(3S)-7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-3-essigsaeure | 84986-19-6 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | (S)-1-Hydroxy-9-isopropyl-6-methyl-3-pentyl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 55623-80-8 | C23H32O4 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 101041-44-5 | C16H15ClOS |
| —— | diethyl 2-(5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl)methyl-malonate | 188186-83-6 | C17H22O6 |
| —— | 1016896-62-0 | C29H34BrNO8 | |
| —— | 5-(benzyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-<2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl>benzofuran | 138854-03-2 | C26H26O3 |
| —— | Ta{OC6H2-4-CH3-(CH3)3CC(CH3)2CH2}2(C6H4-4F) | 110433-71-1 | C36H48FO2Ta |
| —— | 4,7-dichloro-5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1621232-70-9 | C10H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 101041-46-7 | C17H18O2S |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 101041-42-3 | C17H18OS |
| —— | (4aR,6R,8aS)-8a-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4,4a,5,6,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-amine | 1622328-19-1 | C21H20F2N2O2S |
| —— | 5,6-dihydro-7,8-dimethoxy-5-methylfuro<2,3-e>-1,3-benzodioxole | 109072-93-7 | C12H14O5 |
| —— | (3R)-6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1418028-16-6 | C17H16O4 |
| —— | methyl-3-Chloro-4-(3-(7-propyl-3-hydroxyimino-2H-6-benzofuran-6-yloxy)-propylthio)-phenylacetate | 194855-46-4 | C23H26ClNO5S |
| —— | 2-(iodomethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1207553-71-6 | C11H11IO3 |
| —— | 3-<4'-hydroxy-3'-methyl'-2'(E)-butenyl>-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 93391-88-9 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 84824-30-6 | C35H47O2Ta | |
| —— | 2a,7a-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-2a,7a-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-cyclobuta[a]indene | 55038-08-9 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 7-Chloro-2-bromomethyl-2.3-dihydrobenzofuran | 19997-51-4 | C9H8BrClO |
| —— | 2-(7-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-propionic acid | 57899-05-5 | C12H13ClO3 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-44-1 | C19H23NO |
| —— | (1S,3R)-3-[([(S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid | 1443020-82-3 | C31H38N2O7 |
| —— | methyl ((3S)-5-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1452479-60-5 | C11H11ClO4 |