香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (11S)-25-(methoxymethyl)-8-methyl-11-phenyl-9,13,28-trioxa-4,7,25-triazaheptacyclo[18.6.1.12,5.06,10.011,15.014,19.024,27]octacosa-1(26),2,4,6(10),7,14(19),15,17,20(27),21,23-undecaene | 405519-85-9 | C31H23N3O4 |
| —— | 2-(5,7-difluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1395284-03-3 | C14H17BF2O3 |
| —— | 7-Chloro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1154740-44-9 | C14H18BClO3 |
| —— | 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(4-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1154740-64-3 | C15H21BO3 |
| —— | 1-(5-bromo-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine | 1243544-95-7 | C15H22BrNO |
| —— | 1-(5-bromo-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanamine | 1243544-94-6 | C13H18BrNO |
| —— | (1S,14R,27R,29S)-6,12,19,25-tetratert-butyl-2,15-dioxaheptacyclo[21.3.1.11,4.110,14.114,17.03,8.016,21]triaconta-3(8),4,6,10,12,16(21),17,19,23,25-decaene-27,29-diol | 379707-54-7 | C44H56O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-5-Bromo-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan | 163565-87-5 | C31H53BrO3Si2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5-methoxy-6-nitrobenzofuran | 156488-97-0 | C9H9NO4 |
| —— | isoaplysin | 68773-08-0 | C15H19BrO |
| —— | 1-(7-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2H-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-cyclopropylbut-2-yne-1,4-diol | 481088-26-0 | C21H28O3 |
| —— | 2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carbonyl chloride | 841295-58-7 | C13H14ClNO4 |
| —— | 1-(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 936727-41-2 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | RX 821022 | 89197-39-7 | C12H14N2O |
| —— | 2,2,6,7-tetramethyl-5-nitrodihydrobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde | 936214-88-9 | C13H15NO4 |
| —— | C-(7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-methylamine | 852110-59-9 | C15H15NO |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yloxy)propionitrile | 174637-08-2 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | (R)-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-amine | 1609171-18-7 | C10H13NO |
| —— | (R)-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1238894-75-1 | C10H12O |
| —— | (R)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-amine | 1609171-19-8 | C10H12BrNO |
| —— | (R)-2,5-dimethyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1609171-17-6 | C10H11NO3 |
| —— | 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine | 911826-38-5 | C8H8FNO |
| —— | (Z)-4-fluorobenzofuran-3(2H)-one oxime | 911826-37-4 | C8H6FNO2 |
| —— | 5-(7-bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-2-methoxyoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 918304-99-1 | C19H14BrNO4 |
| —— | 5-chloro-3-methyl-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ol | 1060728-96-2 | C10H9ClO2 |
| —— | 2-isopropoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 1187956-12-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 2-(2'-isopropoxyethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 1187956-37-1 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 2-(3'-hydroxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 1187956-30-4 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 2-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 65817-17-6 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-methylenebenzofuran | 65817-18-7 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-3-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1187956-38-2 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (RS)-5-benzyloxy-2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 208842-03-9 | C16H15BrO2 |
| —— | 1-(propylsulfonyl)-4-(2-(1-(propylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | 1346529-11-0 | C24H36N2O5S2 |
| —— | 2-[4-[5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine | 1346529-44-9 | C27H32F3N3O3S |
| —— | 2-[4-[2-methyl-5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-24-5 | C29H40N4O3S |
| —— | 5-cyclopropyl-2-[4-[5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidine | 1346529-30-3 | C28H36N4O3S |
| —— | 5-propyl-2-[4-[5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidine | 1346529-14-3 | C28H38N4O3S |
| —— | 2-[4-[4,7-difluoro-5-(1-propylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-47-2 | C28H36F2N4O3S |
| —— | 2,3,5-tribromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 568593-05-5 | C8H5Br3O |
| —— | 3-(4-chlorophenyl)benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1195709-59-1 | C14H9ClO2 |
| —— | 4,7-di-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 216313-40-5 | C16H24O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852121-85-8 | C15H12F3NO |
| —— | (1S*,4aS*,9aS*)-2-methyl-6-nitro-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine | —— | C15H18N2O3 |
| —— | (1S,4aS,9aR)-2-methyl-6-nitro-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine | 1058712-69-8 | C15H18N2O3 |
| —— | 4,7-di-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 216313-42-7 | C17H26O2 |
| —— | 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 441767-04-0 | C19H22BrNO |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 36687-04-4 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1190073-96-1 | C15H13BrO2 |
| —— | 2-<3-(2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-benzofuranyl)-1-propenyl>benzaldehyde | 124854-98-4 | C18H16O3 |
| —— | 6-<3-<2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl>propyl>-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol | 120694-92-0 | C18H20O3 |