香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-chloro-3-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1333120-30-1 | C16H15ClOS |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-(2-phenoxy-ethyl)-amine | 26244-42-8 | C18H21NO3 |
| —— | spiro<(2-(1-oxoethyl)benzofuran)-3(2H),4'(1'H)-(1-(1-oxoethyl)pyridine)> | 81115-42-6 | C16H15NO3 |
| —— | rac-2-[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]aceticacid,cis | 2248273-92-7 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 1352953-56-0 | C22H17NO4 | |
| —— | 4-fluoro-N-[(E)(6Z)-2,11-dioxabicyclo[10.3.1]hexadeca-1(16),6,12,14-tetraene-4,8-diyn-13-ylmethylidene]aniline | 1334714-16-7 | C21H14FNO2 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-51-8 | C21H29N5O2 |
| —— | trans-2-methoxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 111864-84-7 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | 2-[(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]ethanamine hydrochloride | 1171482-06-6 | C12H18ClNO2 |
| —— | (R)-3-azido-4-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1402461-43-1 | C13H16INO3 |
| —— | 1.4-Bis-<3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon-3-yl>-butan | 5667-62-9 | C32H26O4 |
| —— | 1701410-35-6 | C12H10F3NO4 | |
| —— | 3-<δ-Morpholinobutyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 95133-60-1 | C22H25NO3 |
| —— | N-[2-((5aR,6S,9R,9aR)-6,9-Dihydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-yl)-ethyl]-N-methyl-formamide | 288621-34-1 | C18H25NO6 |
| —— | 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1048361-26-7 | C15H14O3 |
| —— | 1174720-66-1 | C23H27NO3 | |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylonitrile | 878495-69-3 | C20H19NO3 |
| —— | 4-[(1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-2-Acetoxy-1-((E)-(R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-oct-1-en-6-ynyl)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-5-yl]-butyric acid methyl ester | 274250-87-2 | C27H34O6 |
| —— | 3-Benzyl-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 104886-40-0 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-trans-3,5-Dimethyl-2-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 73444-66-3 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-84-7 | C22H32N4O3 |
| —— | 943899-38-5 | C17H20F3NO4 | |
| —— | 5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methoxythiophene-3-carbonitrile | 1294519-08-6 | C14H11NO2S |
| —— | (3S,4aS,9bR)-6-Methoxy-9b-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-3-ol; hydrochloride | 80794-98-5 | C16H23NO3*ClH |
| —— | 3-pyridin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ol | 37885-60-2 | C13H11NO2 |
| —— | (S)-2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)chroman-4-yl)ethanol | 1579249-98-1 | C18H20O3 |
| —— | 3-<4-Brom-butyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 94958-93-7 | C18H17BrO2 |
| —— | [(4E)-2-tert-butyl-4H-chromen-4-ylidene]acetaldehyde | 916985-76-7 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 1412272-43-5 | C15H16N2O | |
| —— | 2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid 2'-acetoxy-[1,1']binaphthalenyl-2-yl ester | 1007587-41-8 | C37H24O6 |
| —— | 1242046-77-0 | C22H18O4S | |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy benzofuran | 131394-49-5 | C11H11F3O5S |
| —— | methyl 2,2-dimethylspiro[5H-1,3-benzodioxepine-4,1'-cyclohexane]-5-carboxylate | 89908-44-1 | C18H24O4 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole | 705263-63-4 | C19H17N3O |
| —— | 2-Chlor-2-(cumaranyl-5)-propan | 91552-35-1 | C11H13ClO |
| —— | 2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol | 21491-54-3 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | N-methyl carbamate de <pyridinylydene-2'>-2 chromanol | 77763-43-0 | C17H16N2O3 |
| —— | 3-tert-butylaminomethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin hydrogen maleate | 27557-14-8 | C4H4O4*C15H23NO4 |
| —— | 1,3-diphenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,8b<i>c</i>)-3a,8b-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-<i>c</i>]pyrazole | 40278-50-0 | C21H16N2O |
| —— | 1229596-89-7 | C19H13NO4S | |
| —— | (6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)(morpholin-4-yl)methanone | 1452478-19-1 | C20H19Cl2NO4 |
| —— | 3',7',7'-trimethyl-6',7',8',9'-tetrahydro-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin]-5'(2'H)-one | 1597439-72-9 | C20H21N3O2 |
| —— | 936214-86-7 | C18H28N2O | |
| —— | 4-Nitro-2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-benzo[b]furo[3,2-d]furan-2-ol | 214423-23-1 | C10H9NO5 |
| —— | [2-((5a<i>S</i>)-1-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl-4-methoxy-9-oxo-(5a<i>r</i>)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5a<i>H</i>-dibenzofuran-9a<i>c</i>-yl)-ethyl]-methyl-cyanamide | 99728-62-8 | C20H24N2O3S2 |
| —— | 1-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-3,4-dimethoxy-9-oxo-2-oxa-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-2H-benz<cd>azulen | 98343-04-5 | C17H20O6 |
| —— | lithium 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranolate | 292616-96-7 | C10H11O2*Li |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-97-2 | C23H32N4O2 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-Methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 73444-68-5 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | [(2R,3S)-4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanol | 114191-04-7 | C13H18O4 |