香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | trans-4b,9b-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]benzofuran | 14227-13-5 | C14H10O2 |
| —— | 3-Oxo-6-pyrrolidino-1-oxa-julolidin | 23866-22-0 | C15H18N2O2 |
| —— | 3-[[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-6-benzofuranol | 953753-35-0 | C12H18N2O2 |
| —— | N-((2-(3-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl)ureido)thiazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxamide | 1108709-72-3 | C20H19ClN4O3S2 |
| —— | 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-3-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1187956-39-3 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 936563-57-4 | C18H15F3O4 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1427349-62-9 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | 1-t-butyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-phenyl-furo[2,3-g]quinazolin-2(1H)-one | 61090-76-4 | C20H22N2O2 |
| —— | 1016896-63-1 | C25H30BrNO6 | |
| —— | (S)-3-[4-({[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1-methylethyl]ethylamino}methyl)piperidine-1-sulfonylamino]-propionic acid | 241137-13-3 | C22H35N3O5S |
| —— | 2-Aminomethyl-3-ethyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-5,8,8-trimethyl-6H-furo[2,3-e]indol-7-thione·hydrochloride | 170684-48-7 | C16H22N2OS*ClH |
| —— | 2,6-bis(allyloxy)-3,7-diiodo-2,6,9-trimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromene | 1147120-54-4 | C21H26I2O4 |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[2-(ethyl-methyl-amino)-5-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204585-47-6 | C27H30N4O4S2 |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[5-(3-chloro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204585-43-2 | C23H20ClN3O3S2 |
| —— | 3-(3-chloro-benzyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 936563-54-1 | C17H15ClO3 |
| —— | 5-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1192762-22-3 | C10H9NOS |
| —— | R-1,2-dichloro-3-hydroxy-8-oxo-5a-propyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydrodibenzofuran | 120901-96-4 | C15H14Cl2O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid 6b-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxo-6b,7-dihydro-12-oxa-benzo[4,5]pentaleno[2,1-a]naphthalen-11b-yl ester | 36831-43-3 | C27H17ClO5 |
| —— | ethyl 6,7-dichloro-5-<(4-methoxybenzylthio)thiocarbonylacetyl>-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylate | 126200-54-2 | C22H20Cl2O5S2 |
| —— | 4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-isopropenyl-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1058196-44-3 | C19H28O4Si |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)propan-2-amine | 1203430-05-0 | C11H15NO |
| —— | ((1S,3aR,8bR)-7-Bromo-1,3a,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-8b-yl)-methanol | 74552-47-9 | C15H19BrO2 |
| —— | 7-Chloro-6-hydroxy-5-{1-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-ethyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 90246-95-0 | C11H10ClNO5 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol | 1155310-19-2 | C11H13IO3 |
| —— | MoO2L5 | 105821-52-1 | C26H38MoN2O4 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-{2-[3-methyl-thiazolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 105979-10-0 | C15H13Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 5-{2-[((E)-But-2-enyl)thiocarbamoyl]-acetyl}-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 126200-56-4 | C18H19Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 7-methyl-3-phenyldihydrobenzofuran | 134268-00-1 | C15H14O |
| —— | Methyl-γ-(6-methoxycoumaran-3)-butyrat | 37977-13-2 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | N-[(7-bromo-4-yl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl](4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-yl)formamide | 1625647-09-7 | C13H12BrN3O2S |
| —— | 1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine hydrochloride | 72804-42-3 | C11H13NO*ClH |
| —— | 2,4,9,11-Tetramethyl-6,7-dipropyl-12bH-5,8-dioxa-6a-aza-benzo[c]phenanthrene | 76080-48-3 | C25H33NO2 |
| —— | 1334140-24-7 | C23H25ClN2O4S | |
| —— | 68788-95-4 | C14H18O | |
| —— | 1356155-70-8 | C18H19F2N3O2 | |
| —— | (2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 104862-18-2 | C13H15NO6 |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[2-cyclopropyl-5-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204584-61-1 | C26H24FN3O3S2 |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-5-methoxy-2,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1360932-76-8 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | Methyl 3-[5-amino-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl]acrylate hydrochloride | 142874-17-7 | C16H21NO3*ClH |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-<(phenylseleno)methyl>benzofuran | 66558-11-0 | C15H14OSe |
| —— | 1203447-60-2 | C12H12O | |
| —— | N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropyl-3,6-diiodo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-dicarboxamide | 1007093-98-2 | C29H38I2N2O3 |
| —— | 5-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-2-[1-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-furo[2,3-c]pyridine | 1391081-44-9 | C25H29FN4O4S |
| —— | tert-butyl N-(4-iodo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)carbamate | 1402461-34-0 | C13H16INO3 |
| —— | 2-Phenethyl-4-propyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ol | 139201-46-0 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | [(4S)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methylchromen-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1134203-10-3 | C23H26O4 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-[(2E)-2-(1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 126200-73-5 | C14H11Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 1613234-12-0 | C19H22O5 | |
| —— | 3-(methyl-d)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 1428773-55-0 | C10H9NO |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonyl chloride | 118351-97-6 | C10H11ClO3S |