香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-amino-7-[3-(N-methyl-N-benzyl)-amino-propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 1089187-33-6 | C21H28N2O2 |
| —— | N-((1S,2R)-1-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide | 955938-84-8 | C15H15BrF3NO4 |
| —— | 2-(1-{[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carbonyl}-3-pyridin-3-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol | 1035231-72-1 | C26H20N4O3S |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-3-(2-Cyanoaethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 84922-75-8 | C12H13NO2 |
| —— | 2-(1-Hydroxymethyl-vinyl)-6-(1-methoxy-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ol | 59183-47-0 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | Tetrahydrofarfugin B | 36061-23-1 | C15H22O |
| —— | Acetic acid 2-[5-hydroxy-6-(1-methoxy-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl]-allyl ester | 59183-48-1 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-31-0 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | 7-[3-(2-chloro-4-cyanobenzyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 609808-96-0 | C23H20ClF3N2O2 |
| —— | 7-methyl-6-(N-trifluoroacetyl)amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 196091-46-0 | C11H10F3NO2 |
| —— | (7-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetic acid | 57898-92-7 | C11H11ClO3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-(2-Hydroxy-ethylamino)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-09-5 | C17H19NO3 |
| —— | N-benzyl-2,2,6,7-tetramethyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820258-13-7 | C26H29NO |
| —— | (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)prop-2-en-1-one | 1262438-38-9 | C14H16FNO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(4-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-44-2 | C17H19NO |
| —— | N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-7-fluoro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3-carboxamide | 1351863-36-9 | C15H9ClFN5O2 |
| —— | [5-Methoxy-benzofuran-(3E)-ylidene]-acetic acid ethyl ester | 56798-49-3 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 5-Allyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl-trans-cumaran | 55435-15-9 | C19H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-47-4 | C21H27NO |
| —— | 6,6'-Dimethyl-3,3'-di-p-tolyl-3H,3'H-[3,3']bibenzofuranyl-2,2'-dione | 65425-14-1 | C32H26O4 |
| —— | 6-{[(E)-2,4-Difluoro-phenylimino]-methyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ol | 99385-91-8 | C15H11F2NO2 |
| —— | (S)-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-(oxiranylmethoxy)benzofuran | 346696-57-9 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | N-cyclohexyl-4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 1260150-89-7 | C18H21N3O |
| —— | 6-(7-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-2-piperidin-4-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one hydrochloride | 666750-58-9 | C20H27N3O3*ClH |
| —— | 5-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-6-propylbenzofuran | 139201-32-4 | C31H40O3Si |
| —— | 5-Fluor-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 60770-61-8 | C9H9FO2 |
| —— | 1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethanol | 86767-16-0 | C16H15ClO2 |
| —— | 5-Iod-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 60770-62-9 | C8H7IO2 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ol | 1356485-70-5 | C14H20O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-ol | 1159829-82-9 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | (3S)-5-bromo-3-[(1R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl]-3-phenyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1352953-59-3 | C22H16BrNO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-47-5 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | ethyl 7-[5-benzyloxy-4-(t-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-3-oxo-5-hydroxyheptanoate | 137443-92-6 | C31H42O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-33-2 | C16H15F2NO2 |
| —— | dimethyl 3-phenylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,2(3H)-dicarboxylate | 1613306-71-0 | C22H18O5 |
| —— | dimethyl 5-methoxy-1a,2-dihydrocyclopropa[c]chromene-1,1(7bH)-dicarboxylate | 1384752-24-2 | C15H16O6 |
| —— | (3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 502435-06-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-(2-prop-2-ynylthiocarbamoyl-acetyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 126200-57-5 | C17H15Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 5-bromo-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 820257-18-9 | C17H15BrO2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-7-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-91-4 | C20H25NO2 |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-3-(2-Hydroxyaethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 84922-73-6 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 7-t-Butyl-5-methoxy-3-phenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-on | 66737-87-9 | C19H20O3 |
| —— | Benzenemethanol,4-chloro-a-[[[(2,3-dihydro-4-benzofuranyl)methyl]methylamino]methyl]- | 389845-51-6 | C18H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 5-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-4-methyl-2-(3-octyl-ureido)-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 554443-08-2 | C29H41N3O5S |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid diallylamide | 947766-33-8 | C19H24N2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid [4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-amide | 15864-09-2 | C18H13ClN2O2S |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-35-4 | C16H15Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol | 1346596-18-6 | C13H19NO2 |
| —— | 5-[1-(3-Benzyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109208-93-7 | C19H15NO3S |
| —— | 3,4,4'-triiodo-5,5-dimethyl-3'-pentyl-5H-spiro[furan-2,1'-isochromene] | 1588971-87-2 | C19H21I3O2 |