香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine | 117343-38-1 | C12H17NO |
| —— | 3-(3,5-difluoro-4-((6-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid | 1234842-67-1 | C21H21F3O4 |
| —— | 3-(4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-N-hydroxypropanamide | 1234844-84-8 | C20H22FNO4 |
| —— | 4-(4-((2,2,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)butanoic acid | 1234843-57-2 | C22H26O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(2-cyclopropyl-5-m-tolyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl)-piperidin-2-ylmethyl]amide | 1083281-81-5 | C29H31N3O3S |
| —— | 5a,10b-dihydro-5a,10b-dimethylbenzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 3988-21-4 | C16H14O2 |
| —— | (5-fluoro-7-formyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1352740-47-6 | C13H13FO4 |
| —— | (5-cyclopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methanol | 1352740-52-3 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-1,7-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-N-(4-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzyl)-9-oxo-8-[(1E)-N-(prop-2-ynyloxy)ethaneimidoyl]-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-92-2 | C30H30N2O8 |
| —— | 3-(4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)-2,6-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid | 1234842-11-5 | C20H19ClF2O4 |
| —— | 3-Methylidenespiro[1-benzofuran-2,1'-cyclopentane] | 89228-52-4 | C13H14O |
| —— | (3S)-2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3,6-diamine | 1213315-89-9 | C8H10N2O |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-(3-ethylamino-3-methylthio-2-propenoyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-45-1 | C15H15Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-6,11-epoxy-6,11-diphenyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo<b,f><1,4>dioxocin | 62423-03-4 | C34H34O3 |
| —— | diethylsulfamic acid 3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 55530-93-3 | C18H28N2O5S |
| —— | N-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine | 126884-70-6 | C14H12BrNO |
| —— | 5-chloro-7-(chloromethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1234847-20-1 | C11H12Cl2O |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-[4-(2-butynyloxy)-2,3,5,6,-tetramethylbenzyl]-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-95-5 | C32H33NO8 |
| —— | ethyl 5-cyclopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylate | 1352740-51-2 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-methylbutanenitrile | 465529-70-8 | C13H15NO |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2,2-dipropyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1352740-29-4 | C14H19FO |
| —— | (5-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methanol | 1352740-35-2 | C11H13FO3 |
| —— | 2,2-diethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 1352740-23-8 | C13H15FO2 |
| —— | 1-[(5aR,9aS)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5a-morpholin-4-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzofuran-1-yl]ethanone | 93574-29-9 | C19H25NO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-30-3 | C15H12FN3O |
| —— | (+/-)-(5-chloro-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[4,5-b]furan-2-yl)methyl azide | 1228176-97-3 | C12H12ClN3O |
| —— | 4-(p-mercaptophenyl)-2,2,4-trimethylchroman | 59311-06-7 | C18H20OS |
| —— | 4,12-Ditert-butyl-6,14-diiodo-8,16,17-trioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,10(15),11,13-hexaene | 1369533-21-0 | C22H24I2O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-7-fluoro-3,5-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine | 1345731-79-4 | C11H14FNO |
| —— | 8,10-dibromoisoaplysin | 1610958-63-8 | C15H17Br3O |
| —— | ethyl [[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]acetate | 1005200-19-0 | C14H14N2O4S |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl-methyl)-trimethylammoniumbromid | 16449-18-6 | Br*C12H18NO |
| —— | methyl 2-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)propanoate | 652983-19-2 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylhydrazine;hydrochloride | 82277-81-4 | C8H10N2O*ClH |
| —— | 7-(chloromethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1234845-38-5 | C17H17ClO |
| —— | 5-chloro-7-(chloromethyl)-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1'-cyclopentane] | 1234845-13-6 | C13H14Cl2O |
| —— | 3-(3-fluoro-4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)-2-propylphenyl)-2,2,3,3-tetradeuteriopropanoic acid | 1234844-56-4 | C23H26F2O4 |
| —— | 4-methyl-3,6,8-trinitro-2-trichloromethyl-2H-chromene | 1215091-80-7 | C11H6Cl3N3O7 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzodioxan | 61768-10-3 | C21H18O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2,2,7-tricarbonsaeure-2,2-diethylester-7-methylester | 94429-45-5 | C16H18O8 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-[(E)-3-(methylamino)-3-prop-2-enylsulfanylprop-2-enoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 126200-42-8 | C16H15Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(2-cyclopropyl-5-m-tolyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl)-piperidin-2-ylmethyl]amide | 1083281-82-6 | C29H31N3O3S |
| —— | 66806-59-5 | C10H11O2 | |
| —— | (5-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1352740-46-5 | C12H13FO3 |
| —— | 4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxybenzofuran | 136795-95-4 | C10H9ClO2 |
| —— | perfluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 55751-38-7 | C8F8O |
| —— | 8-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-nitroxy-2H-1-benzopyran | 108088-41-1 | C11H11NO5 |
| —— | 86658-33-5 | C15H19NO2 | |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-propoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-47-9 | C20H20Cl3NO2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-benzyl-3-(benzyloxy)-1,7-dihydroxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925441-33-4 | C30H25NO7 |